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June 19, 1885.] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 399 magnesium ribbon is burnt just above this and near the extreme edge, the cardboard protecting the lens from the direct light. The burning magnesium must be moved backwards and forwards, pirallel to the picture, so as to get equal illumination, working with an aperture of about {r In copying a photograph, about four inches of magnesium ribbon (weighing 3 grains) is required. In developing a negative exposed to artificial light, the image takes about twice the time to appear that it would had it been exposed to sunlight ; and it must be kept in the developer a long time to obtain sufficient density; indeed, it is frequently necessary to afterwards intensify. The Chairman remarked that be did his copying in the open air, the picture being placed on the ground, and the camera fixed immediately above, painting downwards. In this way he got equal illumination. Mr. E. Ward said that his difficulty was to obtain density. He had found it best to use a weak developer, containing not more than one grain each cf pyrogallic acid, bromide, and am monia, and to leave the plate for a long time in the developer. The Hon. Secretary (Mr. William Stanley) referred to a series of illustrations which recently appeared in the JCicroscopi- cal News. The drawings had been prepared by him originally four times the size of the figures required, and reproduced by the process of zinco-photography with very satisfactory results. Mr. C. JuNrEux also made a few remarks on copying by ordinary gas-light, and showed some successful negatives and transparencies thus produced. The third ramble of the season was to Worsley, on Saturday last. Reaching Worsley a little before two o’clock, the members made their way without loss of time to the lake and boathouse ; a fine sheet of water, which adds an additional attraction to the general picturesque beauty of the neighbourhood. Many and various were the views here taken, after which the entrance to the Duke of Bridgewater’s subterranean canal attracted attention. The Court-house, a stock-subject for both artist and photo grapher, is a fine example of that charming and familiar antique style commonly called Magpie, as seen in its most elegant con- caption at Bramhall. Several views were taken of this, and also of the triumphal portico erected over the spot on the canal-bank, where the Queen landed upon' the occasion of her visit to Manchester in 1851. The party then made its way to the Chursh"which 18 in the P°“ited geometric style of architecture. A visit to the monument completed the afternoon’s work, as un- fortunatey permission to photograph either the New or the Old Hall could T! procured, the earl and his family being away from home. The party was a large one, and the weather, photo- graphically speaking, all that coula be desired. Manchester Photographic Society. The trip to Barden and Bolton Woods and Abbey came off on Saturday, June 6, and those who joined it at Manchester left victoria (Station by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway train, and on arrival at Skipton were driven over to Barden, the route being by Skipton Castle, Embsay, Eastby, and Barden Moors, a distance from Skipton of about six miles. The ascent from Eastby to the highest part of the road is very steep, but the walk is somewhat interesting to those who love to see nature in a wild garb. When the summit of the road has been attained, a most delightful expanse of hill, dale, and moorland scenery is in full view, which was (on June 6) greatly enhanced by a fine clear atmosphere, and the sun, which shone in all his splendour. The rich and varied colours of this romantic scene gave a charm to the foliage in the woods, of the valley below, and the lofty summit of Simon's Seat, together with Barden Moors, clothed with a rich brown heath tinged with purple, added to the beauty of the prospect. From the highest point of this moorland road can be seen Rumbles Moor, which closes in the south-east side of the valley of the Wharf, near Benriddings. From the high est part of the road its descent is rapid, and requires to be driven over with great care, even with the safest-footed animals. A slow and careful drive over this part of the moorland is com pensated for by the delightful views of the valley below ; and after passing through the moorland boundary gate, and in less than one hundred yards therefrom, one of the finest views of Barden Tower from Skipton Road came in sight, and here, as by enchantment, all the cameras were quickly unshipped and planted across the road, each owner being determined to have a good shot at the ruined old towor. After a repast, the varied scenes on the banks of the Wharf were invaded by th® owners of the ameras, aqd some beautiful ( views were secured which will form delightful reminiscences The rocky bed and banks of the river were richly bordered with fine oaks, the foliage of which were rich in colour, and elms, plane, and other trees were luxuriant and grand ; but the celebrated ash trees of this locality had not got into leaf ; this contrast made the scene more varied and beautiful. Between Barden and Bolton Abbey thousands of fine photographs may be taken, and, when time will permit, the deep glens of Gyll Beck and Fosforth Becks; splendid views may be obtained when a suitable mellow light is passing over them. The water falls in these two glens, though not high, are very beautiful. Amongst the islands almost an endless variety of pictures may be secured. A considerable number of very satisfactory and beautiful views were taken between Baden and Bolton Abbey. The best views of the abbey were taken on the margin of the river below the Moss seat, which is considered the most picturesque to be obtained of the abbey and its surroundings. The locality was so very interesting that the party had to be hurried reluctantly away to enable them to be in time for the train for Manchester. Birkenhead Photographic Association. The sixth ordinary meeting was held on Thursday, 11th of June, at the Birkenhead Free Public Library, the President, Mr. J. Alexander Forrest, in the chair. A cordial vote of thanks was proffered to Mr. Richard Hartley, for the use of his studio up to the present time. The flourishing condition of the Society, however, having caused it to rapidly outgrow the accommodation so kindly provided, the committee of the Birkenhead Free Public Library was applied to, and ultimately decided to grant permission to the Society, under certain specified conditions, to hold its meetings in a commodious room at the Library, and upon receipt of a communication from the librarian to that effect, the hearty thanks of the Society were passed to the Library Committee. Messrs. William Griffiths and James Shillinglaw were elected members of the Association. A vote of thanks was also passed to Mr. J. T. Cochran for placing his steam yacht at the service of a number of members, and for his kindly hospitality on the afternoon of Saturday, the 6th instant, and thus affording them an opportunity of taking a few rapid shots at the shipping of the Mersey, and a number of views were passed round by Mr. H. N. Atkins, the result of his work on that occasion. The President and Mr. E. Newall also placed prints upon the table for friendly criticism. Mr. G. E. Thompson then read a paper entitled " Photographic Reminiscences from London to Italy by Sea ” (see page 396), exhibiting by way of illustration a number of beautiful enlarge ments and two large albums of half-plate pictures, many of which were quite unique as to subject, and all displaying the great artistic ability and resource of their author in his treat ment of them. Leeds Photographio Society. The ordinary meeting of this Society was held on June 4th, Mr. J. W. Ramsden, Vice-President, in the chair. After the confirmation of the minutes, Messrs. Rowley and Hargreaves were elected members. The Chairman then called upon Professor Rucker, F.R.S., to introduce the subject of “ Lecture Illustrations by the Lantern.’’ Professor Rucker, F.R.S., after explaining the principles upon which the lantern is constructed, said that he proposed to discuss the various uses to which that instrument is put in the exhibition of experiments to large audiences. To illustrate how greatly the lantern increased the range of illustrations at the command of a lecturer, a photograph of the interference bands produced by thick plates was exhibited on the screen. This had been taken at the Lecturer’s request by Mr. A. Haddon, Demonstrator in Physics in the Royal Naval College at Greenwich. Photographs of interference bands were first taken by Professor Clifton, of Oxford; but he believed the particular bands now shown had not been taken before. It was found necessary to photograph them through a pinhole. The lecture concluded with a comparison of the performances of two objectives—viz., a Dallmeyer lent by Mr. W. F. Fison, and a lens by Messrs. Newton Brothers. The address was listened to with marked interes’, and on its conclusion a short discussion took place. The following questions were found in the que tion box“ In
