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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 24.1880
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1880
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- Englisch
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- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1152, October 1, 1880
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band 24.1880
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- Register Index 631
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Band
Band 24.1880
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 474 bye 20yotograpkir8ehs, Vo], XXIV. No. 1152.-OCTOBER 1, 1880. CONTENTS. page Photography In and Out of the Studio 469 A New Idea for Backgrounds. By L. W. Seavey 469 At Home 470 Lessons Learnt During a Month’s Tour Abroad with Gelatine Plates. By Capt. W. de W. Abney, R.E , F.R.S 472 The Polimerisation of Vinyl Bromide in the Light 473 On the Transfer of the Visible and Invisible Photographic Image by Simple Contact 474 Bromide of Silver 475 Notes 475 French Correspondence. By Leon Vidal 47C Topics of the Day 477 Correspondence 478 Proceedings of Societies 480 Talk in the Studio 480 To Correspondents 480 ON THE TRANSFER OF THE VISIBLE AND IN VISIBLE PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE BY SIMPLE CONTACT. It will be within the recollection of our readers that on. & recent occasion M. Laoureux gave an account of a remark able phenomenon that he had observed. He stated that a gelatino-bromide of silver plate not only preserved the invisible and latent image for a long time on its own sur face, but that it also communicated the invisible ’uminous impression to another gelatine plate. He maintained that it is not even necessary to press the two plates close together ; it is sufficient that they are placed parallel to each other, at the distance of about half a millimetre. The undeveloped image is communicated to the second plate, and. when developed, both plates will show images of almost equal intensity. Captain Pizzighelli has repeated this experiment, but has not been able to produce the same result. He exposed a gelatine plate very fully, and then laid it on another plate which had not been exposed, with an interspace of half a millimetre. After they had been in this position for half an hour, he developed them simultaneously. On the first plate, which had been exposed in the camera, there appeared, of course, the image; but on the second plate no trace of a transferred image was visible. Even when in further experiments Pizzighelli pressed the two plates close together, he found no sign of an image on the non exposed plate. Hence, he was led to the conclusion that the statement that the image can be transferred from one plate to another by simple contact is erroneous. As these assertions (respecting the transfer of the latent image and its subsequent development by a chemical developer) are so completely contradictory, we may be allowed to call attention to some similar though not so recent statements. Thus Testclin, in his Essai de Theorie sur la Formation des Images Photographiques, rapporte a me cause electrique, published in 1860, describes the following experiment in support of his hypothesis, which is, however, not very happily worked out. “ A piece of negative paper sensitized with silver iodide, after having been exposed in the can.era, was placed in contact with another paper, which had been prepared in the same way, but which had not been acted on by light. The sensitive surfaces of these two papershaving been placed one against the other, and strongly pressed together, it became possible, after ten or twelve hours of this contact, to develop on the second piece of paper the image which had been invisibly im pressed in the camera on the first. It may be observed that the image obtained on the paper which has been ex posed in the camera is always weaker when it has been placed in contact with a second paper, and that it is weaker in proportion as the contact has been longer ; further, that, in comparing the relative intensities of the two images, their sum is always equal to that which the image taken [OcTOBER 1, 1880. directly in the camera ought to have, if it had not been submitted to contact with another paper. Hence it follows that the first image parts with some of its photographic power to produce another. These facts seem to prove that the action of light can be carried out by non-luminous causes, which are evidently due to electric polarisation." Tesctlin's supposition that this effect is caused by electrical action is not one with which we are now con cerned. Our object is to induce our readers to try for themselves whether the latent image can be transferred by contact only. Further, whether the image thus trans ferred can be brought out by the chemical developer (sil ver bromide plates, with alkaline pyrogallic, or ferrous oxalate), or by the physical developer (acid pyrogallic, or iron solution with some silver nitrate). It may be that under certain circumstances there may occur, in the case of gelatino-bromide of silver plates, that continuance of the luminous action of which Blow speaks. According to this observer, the latent image becomes more vigorous by keeping the plate in the- dark, and allowing some time to elapse between exposing and developing; but we must acknowledge that this opinion of Blow’s is in opposition to that of all other experimenters. If, however, b should be true—although it is by no means yet proved —that the latent image can be carried over to another film of silver bromide, it is not impossible that the same action should be continued deeper into the body of the. original film, as in the case of a bichromate impression. From this we can see how far we may be carried by the theory of the possibility of transferring the latent image by simple contact, though, we repeat, this theory is, as yet, by no means proved—at least, in the case of silver bromide. There is, however, no doubt that a visible image, taken on albumino-chloride of silver paper, can be copied on to another similar paper in the dark by simple contact. All the experiments showing this belong to the same cate gory as that which Niepce de St. Victor described (more than twenty years ago) as an unknown property of light. If a recently-printed picture on albumenized paper be laid in the dark, on a sensitive albumenized paper, there will be gradually produced on the latter a weak print of the former. It has also been known for some time that, when a negative is copied in the printing-frame on salted paper, the back of the latter, from an unknown cause, undergoes some change, so that a fresh salted paper placed on it will receive a weak impression of the image, even though the original negative should have been removed from the frame. Though this phenomenon has often been observed, it is not always easy to succeed with the experi ment. It is also well known that an engraving or print, when pressed against a piece of sensitized paper, will gradually blacken the latter, and that the parts not covered with printing or engraving will generally produce a deeper black than those that are so covered ; also, if the printed paper has been previously exposed to the light, it will have a more energetic action. A further instance of the same kind is that stated by Malone, in 1861. He took a sheet of paper, dipped it in a solution of silver nitrate, and placed it in the dark over a printed paper which had never been exposed to the light: on flowing gallic acid over it, a weak positive was developed, and this, after drying, appeared negative, by transmitted light. In this case there was no question of the action of light, so that the phenomenon cannot be explained by phosphorescence as Niepce supposes. The fact that a more intense image can be developed on certain parts of dry plates when they have been wrapped in printed paper belongs to the same category. In these two last-mentioned experiences, however, the results may, perhaps, depend on the formation of reducing vapours which condense partially on the surface of the plate. In methods, however, of producing images by contact,
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