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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 24.1880
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- 1880
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1147, August 27, 1880
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 24.1880
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- Register Index 631
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Band 24.1880
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August 27, 1880.J THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 413 Or, Borax 4 parts Minium 4 „ Flint... ... ... .. .. 1 part The flint is thrown red hot into water, and rubbed to powder. A flux of this sort can be obtained in the shops ready made ; its application can be effected in several ways. (1.) A thin solution of caoutchouc can be flowed over the picture, which is then allowed to dry; the flux is dusted on with a brush, and then burnt-in in the muffle. (2.) Borax solution can be substituted for that of borax. (3.) So much of the flux as will lie on a florin is rubbed up in a mortar with fifteen cub. centim. of spirits of wine, and then shaken up with fifteen cub. centim. of non sensitive collodion. After the collodion film has burnt off in the furnace, the picture is allowed to get cold ; then the mixture of flux and collodion is flowed over it, afterwards drained off, and the last drops removed with a piece of blotting-paper, for if they were allowed to remain they would cause a light-coloured spot. When it is dry, the enamelled plate is replaced on the clay disc, and inserted again in the muffle ; here the flux very soon melts, and gives to the picture a beautiful and evenly distributed brilliancy. IIOW TO WORK PAPER SUCCESSFULLY. BY II. A. WEBB* By working paper successfully, I mean the obtaining of uniformly good results; not good one day, and bad the next. In order to do this, we need, in the first place, paper that is in a uniform condition; for without this, we need not expect to obtain work with any degree of uniformity. The first question that arises is: “In what particular is the paper of any one brand the most likely to differ? ” A solution of this question will be a step in the right direc tion. If we go back to the albumenizing of the paper, we find that it is always salted the same (the albumenizer can easily control this, and he understands the importance of having it salted the same) ; so we need hardly expect to find a difference here. The albumen can be maintained at the proper consistency ; if it is not, it will be detected by the appearance of the albumenized surface. Now, if the paper is salted the same, and the coating done uniformly, we very naturally expect to find it work uniformly ; but that such is not the case, we very often find, to our discom fiture. There is but one other condition of the paper (that I can see) where there can be any great difference, and that is in its degree of humidity ; and it is here, I think, that much of our trouble lies. Let us look at some of the influences at work governing the condition of the paper in this particular. In order to do this, we must consider the nature of albumen in so far as it will be affected by these influences. One very impor tant characteristic of albumen is, that it will absorb mois ture quite rapidly when placed in a damp atmosphere, and will just as rapidly part with it when removed to a dry atmosphere. So we see that albumen paper is continually changing, as one or the other of these conditions of the atmosphere is changed. When we consider the innumera ble changes of atmosphere to which the paper is subjected, it does not appear strange that difficulty will arise in the working of the paper, if some attention is not paid to the condition of the paper in this respect; and very often paper is condemned when all that it needs is to be placed in a damp atmosphere for a short time previous to silver ing. This is most likely to occur in winter time, when there is fire in every place the paper is kept, and every particle of moisture dried out of the atmosphere and paper. The keeping of the paper damp has been recommended from time to time, but the great importance of it has not been sufficiently impressed to secure the general practice. * From Philadelphia Photographer. The paper should be sufficiently damp to lay flat upon the silver solution without curling, and when in this condition it is not only much easier to work, but it will take the silver more evenly, and require shorter floating. It may be that some will ask how they can keep the paper in this condition, when no suitable place is available, such as a basement or damp room ? A very simple yet effective plan is to construct a box about 20 by 24 by 8 ; then have a false top for this made of laths, and to set in about an inch from the top; on these laths are placed several damp blotters, and as the atmosphere becomes damp it settles down upon the paper, and keeps it just right for silvering ; one end of this box is hinged, so that it can be dropped down, and the paper taken out as needed, either sheet by sheet, or the quantity that is required taken out | at once, without having to remove the top and blotters. I I have constructed a box like this, and found it to work very t satisfactorily. i Having considered what was needed, so far as the paper • is concerned, let us turn our attention to the silver bath. Here I would first of all call attention to a mistake tha t is frequently made, and that is, trying to get along with too small a quantity of silver solution. It is not economy, but just the reverse. And much waste and worry may be attributed to this cause ; for, if we try to work a small bath, it is continually changing and getting out of order : while, on the other hand, if we use a large bath, the change in strength and other conditions of bath, caused by silvering twenty or thirty sheets of paper, is scarcely perceptible, and consequently the paper will work more uniformly. The quantity of solution required will be governed by the amount of work to be done. If twenty or thirty sheets of paper would be required each day, I would not advise a less quantity than one gallon—even one and a half gallon would be better. I make up the required quantity of silver solution at forty grains to the ounce, and add suffi cient solution of carbonate of soda to make it slightly alkaline ; shake it well, and allow it to settle. The preci pitate of carbonate of silver I allow to remain in a bottle, decanting off the clear solution. A very good plan to adopt in commencing a new bath or silver solution is to take a sheet of paper and tear it in quarters ; float thirty, sixty, ninety, one hundred and twenty seconds; be careful to mark upon each piece the length of time floated, and no doubt one or other of these will be right. The condition of the paper, I think, will govern the time of floating as much as the strength of the solution. If it prints measly or weak, it is under-silvered— peeds longer floating ; if it prints strong, but yet has a sunken-in appearance, then it has been floated too long ; if, when floated long enough to get rid of measles, it yet does not print vigorous, the bath is too weak ; if the paper turns yellow, and prints too strong, then the bath is too strong ; but if the paper prints brilliant, and slightly bronzes in the shadows, then the silver is the proper strength, and the floating sufficient. I always use a glass rod, and prefer it to any other way of working. The size of the rod the most suitable is about half an inch in diameter. A word about floating may not be out of place here. The plan I have adopted is, I think, the easiest and most practicable way of getting rid of any babbles that may have formed ; instead of lifting up one corner at the time and breaking the bubbles, or touching the paper lightly upon the back and driving the bubbles out, as is frequently recommended, the sheets should be removed from the solu tion by taking hold of the two front corners, and raising until it clears the bath ; if this is done immediately after the paper has been laid down on the solution, it will have expanded just sufficient to curl up a little at the back, and so allow the paper to be replaced without the edges dipping under, and it will be found that all the bubbles will disappear. (To be continued.)
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