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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 24.1880
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- 1880
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1124, March 19, 1880
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The photographic news
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Band 24.1880
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- Register Index 631
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Band 24.1880
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134 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEW'S. [March 19, 1880. the impression made on, the metal is sharply and accu rately defined. What effect the pouring of a molten compound on to a wet gelatine mould may have, can of course be only determined by experiment. It is possible that Spence’s metal, from its perfect resistance to acids, might be found extremely serviceable for developing dishes. M. Davanne, at the last meeting of the Photo graphic Society of France, suggested the substitution of metal for the heavy porcelain dishes now in use, and mentioned sheet iron, tin, copper, zinc, and aluminium, as metals which he found suitable, giving the preference to zinc for cheapness. It appears to us, however, that this new sulphur compound would be found far superior to zinc in its enduring qualities; while the readiness with which it lends itself to the moulder gives it an advantage which manufacturers will not be slow to appreciate. The metal is very cheap, being sold at £15 per ton, £3 less than the cost of lead. FRENCH CORRESPONDENCE. GILLOT’s PAPER ror Making DRA wings as Copies foe Typo- GRAPIIC Plates—ANGEREE’s Paper—Cutting out by Hand the White Spaces of a Plate—Present Con dition of the Question of Photo-typography. Gillot's Paper for Producing Typographic Drawings.—-The house of Gillot, which for several years has occupied itself with improvements in the photo-engraving processes, has devised a method for inducing the typographic draughtsmen to prepare their drawings in a form which renders very easy their transformation into a typographic plate. For this purpose they have produced a new kind of paper. This paper is first covered with a tolerably thick and very even coat of whiting. A plate engraved with a series of fine parallel lines very close together is pressed on the surface, and then turned round, and again printed with the lines at right angles to their former direction. In this way a very fine cross- hatched surface is produced on the paper. With this paper the draughtsman can turnout modelled drawings ; the high light he can make a pure white with the scraper; by using that instrument less forcibly, the half tones are produced; still darker tints are produced by the pencil which touches the tops of the ridges, but leaves the bottom of the grooves still white; and finally, when intense black is required, the whole can be washed over with the brush. From an original drawing of this kind an exact photo-typographic copy can be taken direct. The difficulty of obtaining a typographic plate of a drawing with graduated shadows,—for example, a sketch in Indian ink,—is well known to every printer to be very great. By means, however, of this method introduced by M. Gillot, typographic reproductions are executed of really wonderful truth. I have seen some proofs obtained in this way which resembled rather impressions by photo- typie than typographic prints. Angerer’s Grained Paper.—There is another kind of paper which is used for a similar purpose, and is produced com mercially by Herr Angerer, of Vienna, only, instead of by cross hatching, the effect is produced in this instance by graining. The grain of the paper is fine or coarse according to the number it bears. It is not coated with a layer of whiting, and is more adapted for working with a fatty pencil so as to yield a drawing fit for lithographic transfer. Asin the former case, the pencil leaves a greater or less number of white points, thus producing the gradations. By using this paper a transfer can be effected directly on to the stone, thus avoiding the necessity of taking a negative ; but I doubt whether the results obtained with it are as complete as those obtained with the paper of Gillot. I have seen some im pressions executed in this way, which had all the character of crayon lithographs, and were not wanting in artistic effect. P’erhaps better results might be got by making the drawing larger than it need be, and then reducing it by photography ; it would gain both in delicacy and firmness. For producing the intense blacks with this paper of Angerer’s, either the brush may be used, or a very fin ly-cut pencil, whose point is capable of working between the grain. The draughtsman can a’so make a paper for himself on which he can draw for typographic purposes, by using a roller, grained on the surface. He chooses a strong paper and works it all over with this roller ; by this means a diaper pattern is produced on the paper, which serves the same purpose as the crosshatching in the paper of Gillot, or as the grain in that of Angerer. Cutting out the White Spaces by Hand.—Whatever be the method adopted, it will be always necessary to cut away the parts of the metal plate corresponding to the high lights. The defect of all chemical or electro-chemical engraving for typographic purposes is due to the absence of sufficiently deep depressions. For copper-plate engraving, and all engraving processes where the depressions form the printing portion, the metal need only be slightly cut away for render ing the black lines, and must not be touched in the spaces corresponding to the white parts. In typography, on the contrary, we should have patches of black and smudged lights, unless the spaces between the lines of the drawing be gouged out, so as to leave the lines themselves projecting. The necessity for hollowing out the white parts by hand will remain, whatever improvements are introduced into the typographic process, and this manual labour can only be dispensed with when the drawing is full of lines or of points close together. To take an instance, the inverse impression from an engraved copper plate could not be used directly for a typographic plate. Inking such a plate would smudge the wholeof the print. Nevertheless, according to the latest accounts, it seems probable that we may be able to obtain directly—except for the necessary cutting away of the metal, alluded to above—a typographic plate by using the inverse impression in electrotype of a photo-engraving—more especially one of those photc-engravings in which the graining is strongly marked. State of the Question of Typographic Photo-engraving in France.—The subject of photo-engraving for typographic purposes is one of the most important of those relating to the industrial applications of photography. Convinced of this, our Society for the Encouragment of Art and Science applied to Manufactures has offered a prize of 2,000 francs to be awarded in the present year to the inventor of the best typo graphic process by which impressions can be pulled simulta neously from the text and photo-engraved plates inserted in the text, such plates to give prints with continuous modelling, as in the case of ordinary photographic prints in silver chloride. I am not aware whether any competitor has as yet presented himself—that is to say, any real competitor ; for there are possibly several would-be inventors who are in hopes of entering for the prize, but who have not yet fully realized the difficulty of the problem they have set themselves to solve. The more I reflect on the conditions of the question, the more I appreciate the obstacles that have to be sur mounted. How is a plate which presents the depressions and prominences of an ordinary photograph to be made available for typographic purposes ? Probably it must be in the form of a collotype plate; but will that stand the wear and tear of the ordinary printing-press ? Results of the same kind as those obtained by M. Gillot and M. Petit may, it is true, be rendered available in certain cases and by the aid of certain artifices, but there always remains the necessity of manipu lating the plate at each impression, and arranging it afresh for the special work it has to perform. What we want to arrive at is a method of printing direct from a plate capable of being inserted in the text, and of yielding an impression at every pull, without more working than is necessary for the type ; at the same time the picture produced must have all the shaded gradation of the original photograph, without
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