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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 24.1880
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- 1880
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1124, March 19, 1880
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The photographic news
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Band 24.1880
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- Register Index 631
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Band 24.1880
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Mauch 19, 1880.] Ue Pqotogruphic Alcs, Etarr 19, 1880. PHOTOGRAPHY IN AND OUT OF THE STUDIO- PHOTOGRAPHY and Royalty—The Law of Patents—The Diaphote—Use of Spencer’s Metal in Photography. Photograph!/ and Royally.—The heroic determination of the Empress Euegnie never again to honour photographers with sittings is difficult to understand, unless it means that with the pilgrimage she is about to undertake to Zululand she intends to throw off all the pomps and vanities of this wicked world. It is to be hoped that no member of our Royal Family will follow her example. The photographic profession owe much to the patronage of Iler Majesty and her numerous descendants, and there is scarcely a town of any importance in England which does not boast of its 11 Photo grapher to the Queen.” Indeed, while Her Majesty con tinues to lend her countenance to the camera, it does not matter very much whether she appears in public or not. Any loyal subject can gaze upon the counterfeit presentment of the highest lady in the land for the small sum of one shilling ; whereas for half-a-guinea, on one of the rare occa sions on which she assists at public proceedings, he may only be gratified by the sight of her back hair. It would be interesting to know, by the way, what is the method of pro cedure when Royalty’s portrait is “taken.” Does the daring photographer use the head-rest himself, or is this necessary apparatus adjusted by some lord in waiting? Is Her Majesty requested to “ look pleasant,” and does she partake of the weaknesses of the meanest of her subjects, and occa sionally “move ’’? May the operator, without running the risk of being ordered for instant execution, hazard the opi nion that he docs not like the expression of the Royal lady’s face, or find fault with the colour of her dress? AU these are grave and weighty matters on which those photographers who have not been permitted to display the Royal arms, and the magic words “ by appointment,” would be glad to be enlightened. What a quantity of good things, we are convinced, Messrs. Downey could tell on the subject if they had a mind 1 The Law of Patents.—In these days of prolific inventions and patent processes, it may be interesting to those busy brained photographers who are always finding out something new, to know that the Lord Chancellor has recently given a decision which is of considerable importance in regard to patents. Some ten years ago Lord Hatberley, then Lord Chancellor, held that if two applications were made for the same patent, the applicant who first obtained his Great Seal should be held to be the inventor, and to him letters patent should be granted. And this rule was to hold good even though the other applicant might have been first in obtaining provisional protection. The decision was manifestly an unfair one, since it absolutely offered a loophole for an un scrupulous person to borrow the original inventor’s ideas, and by using greater expedition it was possible to procure a patent under false pretences. In addition to this, as Messrs. Hughes, patent agents, of Chancery Lane, point out, the decision has borne hardly on inventors who have been com pelled to push on with their patents, often before they were certain of their practical value. Fortunately, lawyers, like doctors, not seldom disagree, and a case has just been settled in which Lord Cairns has expressed an opinion totally opposed to that of Lord Hatberley. The present Lord Chancellor considers the Legislature intended the patentee to have the full term of his provisional protection for working out the details of his invention and perfecting his specifica tion, and in the case referred to ordered the first applicant’s patent to be sealed, though the later one, who had got his seal first, opposed him. Inventive photographers, therefore, may breathe freely, and go joyfully to work, undeterred by the scheming of rivals. The Diaphote.—The very latest discovery of our trans- Atlanic brethren is one that completely throws the wonders I of the telephone into the shade. Dr. H. E. Licks, of South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, has found out a method of trans mitting photographic images by means of electricity, so that it may be possible ere long, if the report of the discovery be not exaggerated, to take a photograph in England of some beloved person in Australia or New Zealand ! Dr. Licks uses two mirrors, and the principle is that the image thrownon one mirror can be received on the other. The receiving mirror is composed of an amalgam of selenium and iodide of silver ; the reproducing mirror of selenium and chromiun. The waves of light from an object are conducted through an ordinary camera to the first mirror ; here a chemical change is set up by the action of light, and these changes are recorded in the second mirror by means of electrical current. The mirrors used by Dr. Licks are six inches by four, and each is composed of seventy-two sections, each section being connected with the battery of the corresponding section of the other mirror by its own wire. The “ diaphote,” which is the name given by the inventor, is certainly an astounding discovery, but until we hear more about it we prefer to adopt Mr. Gladstone’s cautious plan, and keep our minds open. In the meantime a daily newspaper has gone into raptures over the possibilities of what the diaphote may accomplish in the transmission of light, prophesying that mines could be illu minated, explosions be things of the past, and that even London itself could be lighted by sunlight drawn from the antipodes. The proprietors of the patents for luminous paint will hear of the “ diaphote ” with much dissatisfaction. Use of Spence's Metal in Photography.—The new metallic compound discovered by Mr. J. Berger Spence possesses more than ordinary interest to photographers, from the fact that it is possible to obtain perfect castings with it from gelatine moulds. The compound which is known by the not very elegant name of Spence’s metal belongs to the class known as thiates or sulphur sulphides, and is the re sult of a discovery, made a year ago by Mr. Spence, that the sulphides of metals combined with molten sulphur formed a liquid. This liquid on cooling became a solid homo geneous mass, possessing great tenacity, and having a peculiar dark grey, almost black, colour. The peculiar properties of this metal are its low melting point of 320° Fahr., its expansion in cooling resembling type metal and bismuth in this characteristic ; its power of resistance to atmospheric influences ; the inability of acids to affect it, a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acid acting upon it only very slowly when finely powdered, and not at all when in bulk ; and its quality of taking a high polish. For casts of all kinds, artistic and otherwise, for the joining of water and gas-pipes, for hermetically sealing bottles, and for preserving fruit and other articles of consumption, it is considered to be admirably adapted. Being almost a non-conductor of heat, it cools so rapidly in a gelatine mould that it yields a perfect impression before the form of the mould is destroyed, and if the gelatine be allowed to remain on the metal till cold it remodels itself ready for the next casting. The power it has of repro ducing the most minute details is well shown in the occurrence which led Mr. Spence to think it could be utilised for works of art. In order to obtain a perfectly smooth surface he had been running molten metal on to a piece of glass, but before doing so he had chanced to touch the glass, and had left the marks of the pores of the skin of his fingers upon it. On removing the metal, these marks were found to be reproduced, and so indelibly that they did not disappear on polishing the metal surface. If this be the case, does it not seem possible that this new compound might be used to take an impression from a gela tine and bichromate photograph, and so easily produce a cast which could be used in the ordinary printing-press ? In the Woodbury process, the reproduction of the gelatine photograph in metal is effected by means of hydraulic pressure, and it is a singular fact that though the gela tine film is used before it becomes dry in order to obtain greater relief, yet, as the resulting prints amply testify,
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