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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 35.1891
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1891
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1721, August 28, 1891
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The photographic news
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August 28, 1891.] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 609 PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. Photography continues to assert itself in many of the papers read before the British Association at Cardiff in such a marked manner that it would almost seem as if the president’s address had given others the cue to give the art recognition. First of all, in connection with the Geological Section, a large number of photographs were displayed in an adjoining class-room, and the second report of the committee appointed to arrange for their collection, preservation, and registration was submitted by Mr. O. W. Jeffs. The report showed that during the past year the work of collecting photographs illustrating the geological features of the country had been continued, with the result that 278 additional photographs had been received and registered, making a total up to the month of July of 552. At the Leeds meeting of the Association upwards of 200 photographs were arranged for exhibition in the room appointed for the use of Section C, many of which illustrated sections of strata and other geological features of considerable scientific interest. The collection attracted much attention ; and it was proposed to continue the exhibition at Cardiff if convenient arrangements could be made. In Section A, which is devoted to mechanical and physical science, Professor Liveing, F.R.S., read a com munication from Professor Piazzi Smyth relating to a comparison of some photographic representations of the solar spectrum made by eye some years ago (1884), and registered at the time by means of drawings. The eye is able to detect many details in the spectrum which are not reproduced by photographic processes, especially the separation of densely-crowded lines. The drawings made by Professor Piazzi Smyth were greatly admired, both for their accuracy and the artistic manner in which they were executed. In the Geographical Section, Mr. John Thomson (Lon don) read a paper on ‘ ‘ Photography Applied to Explora tion.” He said:—My object in this paper is twofold— first, to show the growing importance of photography and its application to science, and secondly, to urge explorers to avail themselves more fully of the advantages it affords. The camera is an instrument of the highest scientific value, portraying as it does all visible objects with mathe matical accuracy, the practical outcome of which may be seen in the reproduction to scale of maps, charts, plans, &c., by a single operation in the camera. The saving of time and labour thus effected is incalculable. Photo grammetry, or survey by photography, is now in use among engineers on the Continent and in America, but up to the present time this new departure has made little headway in this country. To the pioneer, whose object it is to map out a new route, picture new scenes, and provide the scientific world with perfectly accurate and trustworthy information, photography is of inestimable value. He has only to refer to the photographs he has taken en route to banish doubt, disarm the captious critic, and afford enduring evidence of work faithfully per formed. Astronomical observations made abroad may be verified at home, and positions set down for guidance in map making. Such observations and registering of altitudes above sea level are matters requiring a separate scientific training, but beyond that there is much important work to be done in connection with the topography of a region, and such work, I maintain, lies within the scope of photography. Among other services which photography may render to the explorer, that of making observations depending upon proportional measurement is not the least. [The author then explained the details of a method of his own, whereby a perfectly reliable basis of measurement could be obtained.] He continued: The more general scientific use of photo graphy may be indicated in taking evidence of the effect of erosion in drainage of mountain chains, the building up of delta by the detritus of rivers, the hydraulic force of streams in undermining and altering formations, in botany, for military purposes, and many other appli cations, commercial and scientific. Travellers, through the mistaken notion that the art can be picked up in the course of an afternoon, too often leave the photo graphic part of their training to the last moment. This is a fatal error, which I have been combating for years. Personally, I have studied and practised the art for over a quarter of a century, and still I have to study to keep pace with its progress. The author reverted to the subject of surveying by photography, suggesting that the surveying of the future will be performed by a captive balloon specially constructed and fitted for the purpose. This balloon may carry the camera, only to be worked from the ground by an electric current. It should be anchored by three cords from the corners of an equilateral triangular space, and its movements over the section of the space to be surveyed watched by means of an artificial horizon until the camera is over the centre of the section. The photograph should then be taken. A series of photo graphs, say, of a city in sections taken from a balloon could be joined together and photographed on one plate to form a complete map of the city. This plate, without touch of graver or pencil, could then be transferred to the printing press. (Numerous photographs taken by the author during his travels in the East were shown.) Colonel Tanner, of the Indian Survey, said he had been advocating the adaptibility of photography to such work as the survey of portions of the Himalayas, which Europeans were not allowed to visit, and which the authorities in India had to map out as accurately as might be from a distance of one hundred miles. Photography in the hands of surveyors would greatly facilitate the mapping of the Himalayas, and would very considerably shorten the work. For ten years he had been en deavouring to make a map of Nepaul, no portion of which state had he been permitted to visit. All they had to go by was a representation of the chief mountain ranges, and they did not know the gaps in the ranges through which the rivers of Nepaul flowed. Photography would also greatly facilitate the survey of the highlands, covered with ice and snow, where his assistants were employed. One of his assistants was taking observations of a range of mountains 20,400 feet high, and he had to devote the whole of his time to recording observationsin his note-book. He had not a moment to spare in order to take an outline of the great masses of snow mountains around him. He trusted that Mr. Thomson’s observations would reach the Government of India, and that the system he advocated would be introduced in the Indian Service. Mr. J. Coles thought that the question of the appli cation of photography was in its infancy. He had applied photographs towards correcting the maps of the Russian Government of the region of the Caucasus. As to the application of photography to geographical discovery generally, he did not think that anyone could obtain so
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