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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 35.1891
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1891
- Sprache
- Englisch
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- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- SLUB Dresden
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1716, July 24, 1891
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS, 523 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK OF HERSCHER AND FOX TALBOT.* sible, to make a modern camera with the old appliances. A new system has, in fact, come into vogue with the introduction of the revolving cutter, which can be set to cut grooves of any width or depth with an accuracy for merly unknown. The same principle is seen in the plan ing maching, when a slab of rough wood passed beneath a roller comes out at the other side with a smooth surface showing all the beautiful figure and grain of the material. All these aids to camera construction, with others too numerous to mention, are seen in this busy workshop. In an adjoining department we find the French-polishers at work, each man having before him piles of unfinished bodies of cameras, and working upon each in turn, for good polishing requires that the wood should be left for a time between the various stages, so that the spirit in the polish shall partly evaporate, or that the ground layer shall have time to sufficiently soak into the wood before it is farther worked upon. Proceeding to the floor above, we find that wood has given place to metal, for here about a dozen lathes are at work turning out such parts of the metal work of cameras and lanterns as can be fashioned in the lathe. These would, of course, comprehend the mounts of lenses, from those intended for 12-inch condensers for enlarging lan terns, to the humble quarter-plate size so dear to beginners. Here also we see a brass rack-cutting machine, and various other appliances for saving labour. All the metal fittings I of cameras are made here, from the solid turntable to the smallest hinge—the cameras ranging in size from 36 by 30 (used principally by photo-mechanical workers) to the handy detective, of which favourite type we are shown many varieties. Repairing now to the main building in Hatton Garden, we are taken first to the lens-grinding department, where we watch the various operations, from grinding and shaping with coarse emery, to the final delicate polishing. We also see how the component parts of a lens are joined together—never to be divorced—by a drop of viscid Canada balsam, and, after a baking operation, are carefully tested to see that the two glasses are central with one another. Here, too, we see how the diaphragms are made, and carefully cut to gauge. We next visit the tin-workers’ shop, not a very busy department at this f ;son, for here lantern bodies and linings are chiefly made, and the time for such things does not set in until the fall of the year. There is machinery here of the most ingenious design—and far too elaborate to be described in the limits of a short article—for stamping, cutting, and bending sheet metal. Before leaving the premises, we have a glance at the noble array of cameras displayed in the principal show room. All sizes up to 15 by 12 are kept in stock ; but it is found inexpedient to make larger ones except to order, for persons giving such orders have generally special ideas to be carried out, which might not commend themselves to all purchasers. We notice a new form of enlarging appa ratus here with double bellows, the condenser situated mid way. This arrangement saves woodwork and space. Each bellows is fitted with the patent focussing screw peculiar to this firm, which can be thrown out of action by pressure, and with which all the best cameras manufactured by Messrs. Perken, Son, and Rayment are fitted. Cleveland Camera Club.—Weare advised that Mr. Joseph J. Hallam has been appointed honorary secretary to the above BY WILLIAM LANG, JUN., F.C.S. The fourth division of the paper is occupied with what the author calls the chemical analysis of the solar spec trum. It would be beyond the limits of this communica tion to go further into all the experiments and specula tions recorded in this classical memoir. The paper occupies sixty pages of the printed Transactions of the Royal Society, and it may be regarded as the foundation stone on which subsequent researches and experiments have been reared. One of the Society’s medals was awarded to the author for this contribution to science. The eleventh meeting of the British Association was held at Plymouth in July, 1841. Herschel, on that occasion, addressed a letter to the Physical Section accom panied by fifteen specimens of coloured photographic copies of engravings and mezzotints, “ the whole ” (as the writer puts it) “ being tinted with substances of vegetable origin, variously prepared.” In the following year, viz., 1842, another memoir was presented to the Royal Society, “On the Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colours, and on some new Photographic Processes.” Although appearing in the Philosophical Transactions as one contribution, there were originally three papers read before the Royal Society, the respective dates of which were June 16th and November 17th and 24th. The memoir is a continuation of the one given in 1840. Elaborate experiments with gum guiacium and expressed juices of flowers are first given in detail, and these are followed by others where the salts of iron have their reactions studied, the outcome of which we have in the two photographic processes known as chrysotype and cyanotype. Briefly stated, the first-named consists in coating paper with a solution of ammonia-citrate of iron, exposing to light, and afterwards developing with a solution of gold chloride. Some spe cimens thus prepared are here by way of illustration. The fixing of chrysotype was effected by means of potas sium iodide. The reduced iron compound can also be rendered apparent by means of a solution of silver nitrate. A print thus produced is here for inspection. Cyanotype is perhaps better known to most of us as the blue process. In this method, development is effected by means of a solution of potassium ferricyanide, red prussiate of potash. The memoir closes with some experi ments bearing on the photographic properties of mercury. In these early years of the photographic art the Athenumm was in the habit of reporting matters appertaining to photo graphy. In consequence of some discrepancies in the account given by this paper of the foregoing discoveries, we find a letter from Herschel making the necessary corrections. The letter, dated 10th August, 1842, appears in No. 773, p. 748, of the Athenxiim. Professor Draper, of New York, having, towards the end of the year 1842, presented Herschel with a Daguerreo type impression of the solar spectrum, the latter, in acknowledging its receipt, contributes to the Philosophical Mayaiinc an article entitled “ Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on the Daguerreotype Plate.” From it we learn that Herschel had himself been experimenting in securing spectrum impressions on Daguerreotype plates, and, although he admits that his manipulation was not all that could be desired, still his results were such that * Continued from page 510,
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