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240 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [March 27, 1891. is then, by means of a broad brush, coated with the follow ing solution:— Albumen Ammonium chloride ... Citric acid Water... ... 30 grammes ... l - 2 gramme ... 0-2 „ ... 24 c.c. The albumen is beaten up to a froth, and allowed to settle ; then the water, the ammonium chloride, and the citric acid are added in the order indicated. After the coating has dried, the film is sensitised by means of— Silver nitrate ... Water ... ... ... 3'2 grammes ... 31 c.c. Of which solution a little quantity is poured on and dis tributed with a glass rod. The surplus is poured off, and the block allowed to dry. Printing is done as usually, but it is not necessary to over-print. After printing, the surface of the block is immersed for about three minutes in a weak solution of common salt in water, in which the print will be bleached to some extent. It is then rinsed under the tap, and fixed for from four to five minutes by means of a concentrated solution of hypo. Finally, it is washed for about ten minutes under the tap, and then dried. A Pyro-Hydroquinone Developer.—Dr. C. Schleussner, the well-known dry plate manufacturer of Frankfort-on- Main, whose plates have a very large sale in Germany, prefers the following combined pyro and hydroquinone developer to all others. The following stock solutions are prepared ;— Stock Solution No. 1. Hydroquinone ... ... 20 grammes Distilled water ... ... ...2,000 c.c. Stock Solution No. 2. Carbonate of soda ... ... ••• grammes Distilled water ... ... ••• 500 c.c. Stock Solution No. 3. Distilled water ... ... ... 400 c.c. Sodium sulphite 60 grammes Diluted sulphuric acid ... 10 to 20 drops Pyrogallic acid ... ... ... 20 grammes The sodium sulphite should be dissolved and acidulated with sulphuric acid before the pyro is added. For use mix— Solution No. 1 ... ... ... 40 parts Solution No. 2 10 „ Solution No. 3 ... ... ••• 10 ,, The development may be accelerated by heating the mix ture a little. It is well to commence development with an old solution, and to finish it with the fresh solution as soon as the high lights have made their appearance. This developer gives negatives of the character of wet collodion plates, i.e., very fine detailsand high lights, combined with excellent printing quality. Turpentine as an Accelerator in Development.—M. Wolf and P. Lenhard have discovered that turpentine oil, if added to the hydroquinone developer, acts as a powerful accelerator. They state that if a few drops of this oil be added to the developer, the reduction takes place much more quickly than without this addition, and that, at the same time, the shadows of the negative turn out much denser. Turpentine seems to act here similarly to hypo sulphite of soda in the ferrous oxalate developer. Care should, however, be taken not to use too much of the oil, as this causes patches. The following formula was used by the authors:— Water ... ... ... ... 100 c.c. Soda ••• ... 8 grammes Caustic soda 0 '5 gramme Sodium sulphite ... ... ... 5 grammes Hydroquinone 1’2 gramme To one-half of this quantity 3 drops of turpentine were added. I do not know, however, whether the quantities given here are quite correct, since the authors (Eder’s Year-Book, 1891), in the formula for the hydroquinone developer, are talking of “ parts,” and in the case of the turpentine which was added, of “ drops.” AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT GRANTED FOR PHOTOGRAPHS* Section 5.—That section 4,959 of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby amended, so as to read as follows : “Section 4,959.—The proprietor of every copyright book or other articles shall deliver at the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, district of Columbia, a copy of every subsequent edition wherein any substantial changes shall be made; provided, however, that the alterations, revisions, and additions made to books by foreign authors, heretofore published, of which new editions shall appear subsequently to the taking effect of this Act, shall be held and deemed capable of being copyrighted, as above provided for in this Act, unless they form a part of the series in course of publication at the time this Act shall take effect.” Section 6.—That section 4,963 of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows “ Section 4,963.—Every person who shall insert or impress such notice, or words of the same purport, in or upon any book, map, chart, dramatic, or musical composition, print, cut, engraving, or photograph, or other articles for which he has not obtained a copyright, shall be liable to a penalty of 100 dollars, recoverable one-half for the person who shall sue for such penalty, and one-half for the use of the United States. ” Section 7.—That section 4,964 of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby amended so as to be read as follows :— “Section 4,964.—Every person who, after the recording of the title of any book, and the depositing of two copies of such book as provided by this Act, shall, contrary to the provisions of this Act, within the term limited, and without the consent of the proprietor of a copyright first obtained in writing, signed in the presence of two or more witnesses, print, publish, dramatise, translate, or import, or, knowing the same to be so printed, published, dramatised, translated, or imported, shall sell, or expose to sale, any copy of such book, shall forfeit every copy thereof to such proprietor, and shall also forfeit and pay such damages as may be recovered in a civil action by such proprietor in any Court of competent jurisdiction. Section 8.—That section 4,965 of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows :— “ Section 4,965.—If any person, after the recording of the title of any map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, print, cut, engraving, or photograph, or chromo, or of the description of any painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or model or design intended to be perfected and executed as a work of the fine arts as provided by this Act, shall, within the term limited, contrary to the provisions of this Act, and without the consent of the proprietor of the copyright first obtained in writing, signed in the presence of two or more witnesses, engrave, etch, work, copy, print, publish, dramatise, translate, or import, either in the whole or in part, or by varying the main design with intent to evade the law, or knowing the same to be so printed, published, dramatised, translated, or imported, shall sell or expose to sale any copy of such map or other article as aforesaid, he shall forfeit to the proprietor all the plates on which the same shall be copied, and every sheet thereon either copied or printed, and shall further forfeit 1 dollar for every sheet of the same found in his possession, either printed, copied, published, imported, or exposed for sale ; and in case of a painting, statue, or statuary he * Concluded from page 225.
