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March 6, 1891.] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 183 perhaps a payment of five per cent, of the gross income of each society, with a reduction for the larger organisations ; thus the payment from the smaller societies might be about sufficient to cover the cost of postage. Mr. H. M. Hastings wished to know whether the London and Provincial Photographic Association would join the federation. Mr. R. P. Drage said that he was in attendance unofficially on behalf of that Association, with instructions to listen and to report. Mr. A. Dean, of the Hackney Photographic Society, remarked that that Society once applied to the Great Eastern Railway Company for a reduction of fares to its members, and the Company replied that when the members took not less than twenty tickets they could go second class at third class fares. Mr. Prank Cherry, of the North Middlesex Photographic Society, was in favour of a federation trying to influence the railway companies, and thought that it would be a good thing if it could get lecturers together. A representative of the Holborn Photographic Club was invited by the chairman to speak, and replied that he was there only to watch and report. The Chairman remarked that many others appeared to have attended with similar instructions, Any resolutions passed that evening, it should be clearly understood, would bind no society to anything. He then moved “ that it is desirable to form an association or federation of societies and clubs whose members are interested in photography.” There was a large show of hands in favour of this resolution, and none against. The Chairman next moved “ that the Loudon and suburban societies be requested each to send two delegates to discuss, and to appoint a committee to make the necessary arrange ments, to settle the name, and to draw up the constitution of the proposed association, with terms of membership, &c, ; such delegates to continue to act for a period not exceeding six months from the launching of the association.” This was passed without a dissentient. The Chairman then mor ed that the following be the objects of the association :—(1) The association or federation of the London societies ; (2) the interchange of lectures, papers, lan tern slides, &c.; (3) as to obtaining the reduction of railway fares to photographers on their outings ; (4) whether any proposal can be made to the P. S. G. B. for admission of the various societies as corporate members of the P. S. G. B. ; (5) generally to promote photographic knowledge and research. Mr. Brown asked whether the Photographic Society of Great Britain intended to join the federation. The Chairman did not know, but he thought that federation would give an opportunity for the younger members of societies to assert themselves. The federation might invite the Photo graphic Society to join. Mr. Debenham, speaking in his private capacity, said that the federation could not well invite the Photographic Society to join until the federation could tell the Society in whacit was proposed that it should take part. Mr. Brown wished the Photographic Society to be inside the federation, and at the head of it. Unless the Photographic Society would take part, he did not see the use of entering into federation at all. Mr. White, of Ealing, moved, and Mr. Rumble, of Sydenham, seconded, “ that the Photographic Society of Great Britain be requested to send representatives to the next meeting of delegates.” This was carried by a large show of hands. The Chairman again remarked that it was clearly understood that the societies represented at that meeting were not bound by anything which had taken place that night. The meeting of delegates was then fixed for Monday, the 23rd of March. The Eye, Chicago, says that the Czar of Russia, on the occasion of the birthday of the Czarina, presented her with a beautiful album of views taken of the most beautiful spots in Russia and Denmark, from negatives taken by himself. PHOTOGRAPHY IN GERMANY. BY HERMANN E. GUNTHER. Collotype Simplified—Intensifying Negatives—Lipp mann’s Heliochromic Method—Transfers on Stone without Grinding off the Former Impression. A Simplified Method of Collotype.—Mr. A. V. Lavroff, the editor of the Russian Amateur Photographer, gives, in a letter to the editor of the Photographisches Wochenblatt, the description of a simplified method of the collotype process, which is in some respects different from that published recently by M. Balagny. A plate-glass is prepared in the usual manner with bichromate of potash, exposed beneath a negative, developed with cold water, and then allowed to dry for twenty-four hours at about 70% F. It is next covered with the following etching solution :— Water... ... ... ... ... 100 c.c. Glycerine ... ... ... ... 200 ,, Hyposulphite of soda... ... ... 2 grammes This solution is allowed to remain on the plate for one or two hours, according to the relief desired, when it is removed by the aid of a very soft sponge and blotting- paper, and the ink applied by means of a gelatine roller. To take prints in the ordinary copying press, the plate glass covered with the ink is placed upon a piece of india- rubber cloth ; upon the glass is laid a mask of paraflin paper, then the printing paper, and finally a thin pillow of fine cloth, filled with cotton-wool, and provided with a case of soft, smooth silk. This pillow enables the operator to press the paper into close contact with the plate, and so to obtain all the fineness and detail of the negative. If, after about twenty prints have been taken, the bichro mate image begins to become grey at the light parts, it is only necessary to apply the etching fluid with a soft sponge, in order to restore the cliche to its former vigour. Mr. V. Lavroff states that by this method anyone can take hundreds of prints at moderate cost and without a special machine, a little experience and exactness being all that is required. The author has taken a thousand prints from a good printing plate, and he says that it is possible to take from ten to twelve prints within five minutes. Farther working details and particulars are promised by the author. Intensifying Negatives.— Negativesintensified with chloride of mercury often become yellow-stained. To prevent this evil, Mr. Riesenknig recommends the following method as a thoroughly trustworthy one. A strong solution of sublimate is taken and poured on the negative in the same manner as in the case of wet collodion plates ; the plate is slightly moved, and then at once thoroughly rinsed with water. The blackening of the negative is accom plished in the usual manner. A negative treated in this way will always be perfectly clear and brilliant. Remarks on Prof. Lippmann's Heliochromic Process.—In this country Prof. Lippmann’s new discovery has created widespread interest, and almost all the photographic periodicals have translated the articles relative to it from English and French journals. Dr. F. Stolze, editor of the Photograph. Nachrichten, whom we esteem as one of our ablest authorities in photographic matters, referring to an article reprinted from the Vossische Zeitung, says that, with regard to the explanation of the actual phenomenon, the physical theory which is said to have been successfully embodied in experiment will not at all stand the test. It has been stated, he continues, that the colours in ques tion are dependent on the phenomena of interference, and
