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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 35.1891
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1891
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1695, February 27, 1891
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The photographic news
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174 What I now beg you to grant is return tickets at single fare (day tickets) during the currency of the Exhibition from all stations within thirty miles of Liverpool to holders of our season tickets, or purchasers of single admissions, which tickets I will provide you with (the shilling admission tickets). On hearing from you, I will circularise all the local and county photographic associations within this radius. I have written this letter to your brother railway super intendents of the three chief railways terminating in Liverpool. The favour of an early answer is requested. Thos. S. Mayne, Hon. Seo. PROF. MELDOLA ON PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMISTRY. Sir,—I have pleasure in enclosing a copy of the syllabus of the lectures on “Photographic Chemistry,” which Professor Meldola is to deliver here. H. T. Wood, Secretary. Society of Arts, February Uth. Lecture I.—March Sth.—Photography as a branch of tech nology—Methods of giving instruction in the subject— The preliminary training essential—Photographic materials— Silver and its compounds—Reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously—The forms of reduced silver ; grey and black deposits—Supposed allotropic modifications of reduced silver— The haloid salts of silver; their behaviour towards reagents ; influence of solvents ; formation of double salts—The state of molecular aggregation—-Order of reducibility. Lecture II.—March \Qth.—The existence of subsalts of silver —Coloured forms of the haloids—Photo-salts—Colloidal organic compounds of silver — Silver albuminate and "gelatino- nitrate”—The principle of emulsification—Other photographic materials—Photo-physical and photo-chemical change—Modifi cation of crystalline form under the influenc eof light—The action of light on asphalt—Photo-chemical study of iron com pounds—Photochemical study of mercury and copper salts. Lecture III.—March Urd.—The action of light on the silver haloids—-Accelerators and retarders of photo-chemical decomposition—The invisible products of the action of light on the haloids—Sensitive films—The function of the vehicle in modern emulsions—The invisible effect of light on the haloids —The photographic image—Development and subsequent pro cesses. Aroceedngs of Socteties, The Photographic Society of Great Britain. At the technical meeting of this Society held on the 24th inst. Mr. Leon WARXERKE occupied the chair. As matter of historical interest, Daguerreotypes taken in 1842 and 1843 were shown by Mr. 0. F. Hayward. It was stated that in those early days there was great difficulty in obtaining a sufficient polish on the plate. The Chairman called upon Mr. W. E. Debenham to open the discussion on “The Dark Room and its Fittings,” which stood for that evening’s consideration. Mr. Debenham said that, as he was responsible for the arrangement of the Society’s dark room window, he would describe that to start with. There were four sliding frames, any or all of which could be drawn into or out of position, and outside all was a fixed frame containing deep yellow pot metal. One of the sliding frames was furnished with cherry fabric, one with two thicknesses of golden fabric, one with stained red glass, as recommended by Captain Abney, and one with a yellowish-green glass. A fitting for the dark room which he hoped would soon be provided was a cupboard for drying plates after being backed, or treated with orthochromatising solution. He would also like to have a levelled shelf in it suitable for drying collotype plates, but that would also require thermo meter and regulator. Backing plates was a practice that, he thought, was not nearly so general as it ought to be, and that probably many were deterred from carrying it out on account of the difficulty of finding suitable means for preventing access of light whilst drying. A plan which might be considered makeshift, but which he had known to be quite successful where only a few were required, was to thoroughly dry, in an oven, ordinary cardboard grooved boxes ; two or three plates put in shortly afterwards would then dry very well in such a box. With regard to backing, the Chairman had very successfully employed a hygroscopic gelatine film spread on paper, and stained of a non-actinic colour, placed in optical contact with the plate. Mr. Debenham had found great difficulty in getting optical contact with such a film, even on clear glass, and working in a good light. It would be all the more difficult to secure on plates covered with emulsion, and backed in the dark room. He thought there would be considerable surface of air spaces. Mr. E. Clifton confirmed this view. He had not succeeded in getting optical contact all over the plate, even when using plain glass for experiment, and working with a squeegee in daylight. A number of dark room appliances, including dark room lamps, celluloid dishes, glass measures, and dropping tubes, was then examined and discussed. A lantern presented to the Society by the Stereoscopic Company was shown and described by Mr. Clifton. In front there were grooves fitted with movable frames, one containing golden fabric for ordinary use, and another ruby glass for exceptional cases. There was an Argand burner in the centre, but, for developing, a small screen prevented the direct light from reaching the front of the lantern, which was lit only by reflected light from the yellow enamelled surface of the sides and back. The screen could be lifted from the outside, so as to allow of extra light towards the end of the development. A travelling lamp of folding millboard, used with a night- light, and fitted on one side with cherry fabric, and on another with golden fabric, was then handed round. It was remarked that two thicknesses of golden fabric should be used, and there would still be plenty of light. Mr. J. Desire England showed a candle lamp furnished with a hood, and supplied with dises of glass of different colours made by Messrs. Benham. It was recommended to have the face of the hood directed away from the operator, and towards a sheet of white material, the reflection from which served as the source of illumination. Mr. Debenham suggested the use of a yellow material for the reflector. Mr. Clifton had not heard a rocking table mentioned. It was a very convenient appliance, and he thought deserved to be more generally used. On the colour of the dark room illumination, the Chairman said that he had taken the ruby glass out of his lamps, and replaced it by canary medium. He did not use ruby glass on any occasion. The Chairman then introduced the question of photography in colours in connection with Professor Lippmann’s recent announcements. He had begun experiments on the lines indicated, but the great difficulty he met with was in obtaining mercury sufficiently pure. In commercial mercury there were other metals dissolved which affected the silver compounds. Mr. W. England offered to present to the Society a drying cupboard which he had had made in the collodio-albumen time. A vote of thanks for this offer was passed ; also to Messrs. Reynolds, Preston, Hayward, Vevers, Benham, and the Stereo scopic Company for the articles brought to the meeting or presented to the Society. It was announced that Mr. Leon Warnerke would give a demonstration of a simple collotype process, and read a paper on it, on Wednesday, March 4th ; that Sir David Salomons would exhibit an appliance for the registration of slides in the optical lantern, and read a paper, on March 9th. A discussion on hand-cameras will take place on March 24th, and on animal photography on April 28th. The London and Provincial Photographic Association. February ISth.—Mr. S. G. B. Wollaston in the chair. Mr. W. Moran showed silver prints of some flash-light pic tures of wrestling ; these had been reproduced in the Daily Graphic, The Chairman mentioned an instance in which he started
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