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156 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [February 20, 1891. The Pudsey District PHOTOGRAPHIC Society. On Thursday evening, February 12th, a meeting was held at Pudsey, near Leeds, for the purpose of forming a photographic society for the district; Mr. J. Goodman presided, and several local amateurs were present. It was decided to hold the meetings fortnightly, at the Mechanics’ Institute, and at the next gathering there will be an exhibition of members’ slides. Mr. W. H. Hining will act as secretary until the election of officers. The Dundee and East of Scotland PHOTOGRAPHIC Association. General meeting, February 12th ; Mr. J. D. Cox, president, in the chair. This being a lantern evening the meeting was open. The members and their friends, through the kindness of Mr. A. R. Dresser, were enabled to view a large number of slides illustrating Brittany. . Several of Griffith’s hand-cameras were sent for exhibition. The Leeds Photographic Society. On Monday evening last the second of the series of elementary lectures was given by the hon. secretary, Mr. T. A. WARBURToN ; his subject was “ Development.” He advised the backing of all plates with burnt sienna in order to prevent halation. He said that, with respect to exposure, a little experience gained by exposing a couple of dozen plates upon, say, half-a-dozen different subjects, making three or four exposures of varying lengths of time upon each subject, carefully noting the conditions as to plate, subject, stop, and light, and, after development, making a note of the result, was worth all the exposure tables yet invented. An exposure book of this kind formed a record of actual experience, which would, with constant additions, in time become invaluable. In the course of his lecture, he eaid that he preferred the pyro-ammonia developer and the bichloride of mercury intensifier, followed by ammonia. In conclusion, a frame of negatives of different qualities, illuminated from behind by the lime-light, was exhibited. The class of negative most suitable for any particular printing process was pointed out. The president, Mr. Godfrey Bingley, occupied the chair. The Notts Amateur Photographic Association. The usual fortnightly meeting of this Association wss held on Monday evening last, with Mr. S. Wells, president, in the chair. Mr. Councillor Abraham Pyatt and Mr. Thomas Warwick were elected members. Mr. Howson, of the Britannia Works Company, gave a practical demonstration on Alpha paper, printing, exposing, and developing several prints, and obtaining excellent results. Mr. Howson also exposed and developed several of the Alpha lantern slides. The Hon. Sec., Mr. P. E Knight, distributed, by the kindness of the Paget Prize Plate Co., samples of their specialities. The Society has done much in lantern slide making, every even ing having been devoted to demonstration. The results form a nucleus for a loan collection for exchange with other societies. • “The present state of the photographic profession I attribute entirely to want of union amongst its members, and the only remedy that seems possible is the encouragement of greater unity, and the formation of a strong photographic public opin ion. For the formation of such a body of public opinion I can see no means so efficient as the photographic journals.”—H. Snowden Ward. H. W. Vogel, Berlin.—Received, and shall have attention. C. P. Richards, Barrow-in-Furness.—The report of which you speak in yours of the 18th not to hand up to the time of going to press, and now too late. It shoull have been posted the day after the meeting at Birmingham. Correspondents are requested to make their communications as short as ths importance of the subject will permit ,* otherwise they may remain unpublished for a month or two for want of space. We are overpressed with surplus manuscript. Answers to Correspondents. AU Comnunicatioas, except advertisements, intended for publication, should be addressed to the Editor of the PuoToanArHic Nets, 5, Furnival Street, London, E.C. All questions requiring a reply in this column should be addressed to Mr. John Spiller, F.C.S., 2, St. Mary’s Road, Canonbury, London, N. All Advertisements and communications relating to money matters, and for the sale of the paper, should be addressed to the Publishers of the PHOrogRAPNIC News, Messrs. Piper & Carter, 5, Furnival Street, London. M. B.—Camera Details. Received your letter. We shall be prepared to act upon your suggestion when the time comes. The weight of camera is correctly stated, and the f/16 stop is manifestly only half the diameter of f/8 ; the ratios of exposure would, therefore, be as four to one. - J. H. C.—Bitumen Process. Instead of using your present mixture, which is almost sure to crack the film on drying, try the employment of a varnish composed of asphaltum in benzol. Do not fire it, or add any lamp-black, or only sparingly, as required for thickening, but dry on a levelled hot plate. A. Corsi (Florence).—Primuline Materials. Apply to Messrs. Green, Cross, and Bevan, at 4, New Court, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C., for samples and paper of instructions, sending postal order for ten lire. M. T.—- Watkin’s View-Meter. The standard tint is obtained by two seconds’ exposure to “clouded sunshine in June,” but, as this mode of working cannot be available at the present time, the inventor prescribes, as its equivalent, the burning of two grains of magnesium ribbon at a distance of 4 inches from the sensitive paper. For further details see report of technical meeting, Photographic Society,, of October 28th last. W. D.—Lord Haylcigh’s Wire Gauze Experiment. The pieces of wire gauze distributed to the visitors at the Royal Institution on the 6th iust. measured twenty meshes to the inch, and is known as No. 20 gauze. There is no par ticular necessity for this precise dimension, but the experi ment answers capitally well with such material. Subscriber.—Photography in Natural Colours. As usual, we prefer to wait for a fuller statement of the scientific details ; for the published account from Paris, like that of last year from Vienna, records no more than has been known for thirty years. All turns upon whether these pictures are permanent in daylight, for hitherto they have never been successfully fixed. Did you read M. Leon Vidal’s letter in last week’s News ? These rumours seem to crop up periodically, but one must not say they are altogether impossible of realization —only improbable, so far as the evidence goes at present. S. H.—The case is one which might very well be brought to the notice of the Photographers’ Benevolent Association. Report the facts to Mr. H. J. Beasley, Hon. Sec. Photargus (Spain).—1. The Graduated Background Material, for vignetted heads and portraiture generally, can surely be obtained of Messrs. Marion and Co., in this country ; but if you find any difficulty in getting it in your southern marts, nothing is easier than to prepare it tor yourself by dyeing from a slow bath, out of which you lift the material gradu ally by winding it on a wooden roller. 2. The less said on this point the better, for recent accounts are not very encouraging. F. L.—The person named is now in the United States of America, but we can write to him and put the enquiry. Ed. J. B. (Cheltenham).—The publishers of Mr. Wilkinson's "Photo-Litho Manual” are Messrs. Hampton, Judd, and Co., 14, Duke Street, Adelphi, W.C. TEIGNBRIDGE.—Eikonogen. There is only one source of supply in this country, and you must go to Soho Square for the “ cartridges.” G. A. N.—Ferrotype Plates, of sizes 14 by 10 and under, call be had of Mr. Jonathan Fallowfield, 146, Charing Cross Road, W. They can be readily cut of circular form with a pair of scissors. F. D. T. (Edinburgh).—Let us know in the event of your having any difficulty in procuring one of the little specimen .films, and we will try again to assist you.