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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. February 13, 1891.] 135 The President said that doubtless the council would accede to this request. Mr. L. WARNERKE said that he had been requested to give a demonstration of collotype printing, and it occurred to him that it would be better to choose an extra night for this pur pose, and that a series of demonstrations and lectures on extra nights might be arranged. In this way the Society would com mence in some degree the kind of work that the proposed Institute, when formed, would be expected to carry on. Mr. W. E. DEBENHaar supported this proposition, and assumed that these lectures and demonstrations would not be expected to be dependent on any fresh discovery made by the authors, but might take the form of lectures such as would be delivered at any institute of instruction. The election of members of council resulted as follows :— President^J. Glaisher, F.R.S., F.R.A.S. ; Vice-Presidents— Captain W. de W. Abney, C.B., R.E., D.C.L., F.R.S., T. Sebastian Davis, F.C.S., H. P. Robinson, and John Spiller F.C.S., F.I.C. ; Treasurer—W. S. Bird j Members of Council— Messrs. W. Ackland, G. L. Addenbrooke, W. Bedford, V. Blanchard, F. Cobb, A. Cowan, T. R. Dallmeyer, Major L. Darwin, R. E., G. Davison, W. E. Debenham, W. England, J. Gale, F. Hollyer, F. Ince, Dr. L. Johnson, H. Chapman Jones, F.I.C., F.C.S., Captain Mantell, R.E., J. W. Swan, J. Traill Taylor, Leon Warnerke, and Sir H. Trueman Wood. The London and Provincial Photographic Association. February 5th.-—Mr. W. H. COoKE in the chair. The Hon. Sec. presented “Inorganic Chemistry” (Meldola) to the library of the Association. Several volumes of the Photographic News YEAR-BooK and the “British Journal Almanac were also received from Mr. Charters-White. Several specimens of Mr. E. Dunmore’s “unique” black and white cloud negatives were passed round. The negatives were artificially produced on tissue paper with powdered plumbago and a stump, quick printing being one of the chief advantages claimed for them. The Hon. Secretary showed the results he had obtained from some stripping films by first soaking them in bromide, and developing with ferrous oxalate. He also exhibited some prints on Fry’s naturalistic paper ; the effect on this paper is only seen when the print is held at some little distance from the eye. A question from the box was read(1) “What, in the opinion of this meeting, is the best means of preserving for, say, one week s use, a one in ten solution of pyro and distilled water, so as to maintain its developing power most nearly equal to that of dry pyro ? (2) Would the loss of deve ¬ loping power in such a solution be compensated by the use of a greater quantity of acid; if so, in what proportion would the amount require to be augmented 1 ” Mr. W. E. Debenham said pyro and plain water alone would keep for a week in a corked bottle. He preferred using water that had been boiled. Mr. A. Haddon referred to some crystals of eikonogen that he had sealed in a glass tube a year ago and exposed to light. The crystals had undergone but very little change in colour. The letter from the Photographic Society of Great Britain on the subject of the Photographic Institute was then read and fully discussed. The following resolution was passed : “ That the establishment of the Institute, as proposed by the Photographic Society of Great Britain, is very desirable, and would be conducive to the progress of photographic science and industry.” The Hon. Secretary announced that on March 3rd a popu lar lantern exhibition would be given, to which visitors were invited. The South London Photographic Society. February 6th.—At the meeting at Hanover Hall, a demon stration of enlarging on bromide paper was given by Mr. S. Wiles, using paper prepared by himself. Enlargements previously exposed to daylight were developed, and produced excellent results. The North Middlesex Photographic Society. Feb. 9th.—Jubilee House, Hornsey Road. Mr. Walker, the chairman, said that the subject for the evening was “ The Best Treatment for Winter and Snow Scenes.” He thought that views in which there were no heavy objects in the foreground were best, and a developer weak in the reducing agent most suitable.' Mr. Mummery had found that when the sun shone in winter there was more light than at first appeared by reason of reflec tion from the snow. He used Thomas’s hydrokinone developer full strength. Mr. Norris had given fifteen to twenty seconds with large stop, and developed with full strength pyro and ammonia. Mr. Beadle had given fifteen seconds with f/32 on a hoar frost view, and developed with pyro (Ilford formula) used full strength. Mr. Gill showed some instantaneous pictures of figures in snow scenes taken at 8 *80 a.m. in December, and developed with ferrous oxalate, the iron weak at first, and strengthened as development proceeded. The prints were much admired. Referring to the widely different exposures, MrO. Cox had seen negatives taken under similar conditions, but with exposures varying from four seconds to five minutes, yield equal results in the hands of an experienced developer. He warned the members that lenses kept in a cold place and taken into a warm, moist atmosphere would condense moisture on the sur face and give trouble, the cause of which might not be suspected. Mr. Goodhew recommended in cases of great contrast, as in snow scenes, that the plate should be flooded with the ammonia and bromide, and the pyro added by drops till the image appeared. When all detail was up, a new developer, strong in pyro and bromide, should be used to secure density and brilliance. The Secretary had used eikonogen and ammonia with meta bisulphite. Mr. PithEr had failed to get density with the weak pyro method. Mr. GIll showed two hand-cameras of his own invention. The construction was ingenious, and the method of changing the plates simple and certain. One was for half-plates, which could be used on a tripod, and also for stereo views. The Richmond Amateur Photographic Society. This Society, whose numbers are steadily increasing, has now started weekly meetings (instead of fortnightly as hitherto), at the “Greyhound Hotel,” a more central and convenient location than the former quarters. The first meeting under the new arrangement took place on Friday last, a lantern night, when Mr. F. P. Cembrano, jun., handled the lantern, and slides by Messrs. Hunter, Faulkner, Richardson, Ardaseer, and Cembrano were shown and discussed, those of the last-named consisting of a series of views in Chester and North Wales, taken during last year’s Photographic Convention. At the next meeting (Friday, 13th), Mr. C. Hussey will give a demonstration of the collodio-bromide process for lantern slides and transparencies. On Monday, the 16th, Major J. Fortune Nott, President of the Society, will give a lecture, with lantern illustrations, on “ Wild Animals in Captivity,” at 8 p.m., in the Lecture Hall, Hill Street. The Leeds Photographic Society. At a meeting on Thursday evening last Mr. Godfrey BingLbY, president, occupied the chair. Mr. C. H. BOrHANLEY delivered a lecture entitled “ A Good and Bad Photograph.” In introducing the subject, Mr. Bothamley referred to the absolute necessity for every photo grapher making himself acquainted with the leading rules of art ; although it was impossible for a picture to 'be made artistic by a rigid observance of rules, yet, unless they were obeyed, except in a few exceptional cases, it was impossible for a pic ture to be pleasing, and, in a clear and interesting manner, Mr. Bothamley pointed out the necessity of the rules of com-