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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 7.1863
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1863
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
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- LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 275, December 11, 1863
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band 7.1863
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- Register Index 619
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Band 7.1863
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596 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [December 11, 1863. ported were wearing out his very existence, and conj uring me to write the truth above him as an epitaph— « Pied of children’s pictures.” Mr. Editor, what is the remedy ? Can’t a law be passed that children too small, or too ill managed to be spanked into quiet, shall be excluded from operating rooms ? Failing in that, can the Indian fashion of strapping in fants to boards, so as to preclude all motions except winking be made popular? Astonishing babies multiply upon us, and unless a remedy is found, worthy photographers will be cut off by untimely fate. Tell us, 0 Nestor of photo graphers, what’s to be done about it ? New York, Oct. Wth. B. PHOTOGRAPHY IN ITS APPLICATION TO MILITARY PURPOSES. BY JOHN SPILLER, F.C.S.* Assistant Chemist in the War Department. The communication which I have the honour of submitting to your notice this evening will be found to differ somewhat from those usually presented on these occasions, in respect to the absence of novelty, either in the way of chemical processes or in manipulation. Its character is chiefly historical, and its interest will be based upon the circumstance that the applica tions herein referred to are special in their nature, and though not entirely new, have never, so far as I am aware, been treated of or described at any previous meeting of the Society. It will be my endeavour to give you a short account of the photographic operations undertaken by abranch ofHer Majesty’s Service, with which I have the honour to be connected, viz., the War Department; and to describe the origin, and trace the progress of these applications during a period of about six years. Such a narrative, which I trust will possess some features of general interest, will include the description of difficulties met and partially overcome, and will involve many considera tions similar to those which present themselves in the daily experience of the professional operator, whether he be devoted to portraiture, landscape, or other well-defined branch of photo graphic art. In commencing my historial sketch it is proper to mention and acknowledge the employment of the camera in the Royal Gun Factories during the years 1855 and 1856, when it was first used as a means of portraying the peculiarities of construction involved in sundry schemes for the improvement of ordnance, and the application of the system of breech loading. The late Major Vandeleur, R.A., and Mr. Mac Kinlay, then proof master, worked both the Talbotype and collodion processes, and produced results of interest and value in their Department, but which were not distributed to any extent, in consequence of the limited opportunities available for their production on the part of officers performing other duties of a more pressing nature, and of an entirely different character. In the summer of 1857 the Officers connected with the Royal Artillery Institution, Woolwich, were desirous of introducing the study of photography, and in September of that year the committee invited me to undertake the Officers’ class newly formed, and to give a course of instruction in the principles and practice of the art. The acceptance of this appointment led to the working out of new directions, or rather extended applica tions of photography, and the camera was frequently employed in the representation of military subjects, in the production of drill pictures, and other illustrations of suggested improvements in the form and use of artillery materiel. Foremost among the officers stationed at Woolwich, who thus appreciated the value of photography, was Lieut.-Colonel W. B. Gardner, R.A., at that time Superintendent of the Royal Military Repository, and it was mainly due to the influence and exertions of this gallant officer that photography so quickly assumed the importance which it has ever since maintained in connection with the War Department. Colonel Gardner suc ceeded in inaugurating the appointment of photographer to the institution of which he was the head, and in that capacity I commenced service in April 1858, not, however, following this as my sole occupation, but devoting usually one day in the week to the practice of photography, my duties as Assistant Chemist in * Read before the Photographic Society, on the evening of Tuesday, December 1st. the Royal Arsenal not permitting me to give a larger share of time and attention than that already specified. This post was retained by me during three years, at the end of which time the Secretary of State for War determined to extend greatly the operations of the photographic establishment, by appointing a military staff, and placing the entire direction in the hands of the Chemist of the War Department, under whom I con tinue to superintend the production and general issue of photographs. By this step of centralization, a number of independent branches became absorbed, or united into one General Photographic Establishment, viz.:—The Royal Mili tary Repository, Woolwich ; the several Manufacturing Depart ments in the Royal Arsenal: and the School of Gunnery, Shoeburyness. It is in this place proper to remark that the Topographical Department at Southampton, under the direction of Colonel Sir Henry James, R.E., remains perfectly distinct, its objects being special, and is in no way affected by the amalgamation lately brought about in other branches of the War Office. In a similar manner the photographic establishment at Chatham, so ably superintended by Captain Schaw, R.E., has a separate maintenance and action, although the work performed does not differ widely from that undertaken at Woolwich. Having thus briefly sketched the origin of our present esta blishment, it becomes necessary to say a few words about the staff, and to describe the nature of the work itself. At Shoeburyness wo are favoured with the assistance of Captain H. J. Alderson, R.A., Superintendent of Experiments at the School of Gunnery, and in this aid we are particularly fortunate, since much of the work executed at that station has special reference to the now systems of attack and defence, and to the registration of the effects produced upon the armour plating, by shot and projectiles of every description. Such results are so satisfactorily recorded by means of photography, that these illustrations have been adopted in the reports presented to Parliament by the Iron Plate Committee. Captain Alderson has attached to him for this duty a staff-sergeant and gunner Royal Artillery, both of whom have received a course of instruction in photography, and now exhibit very considera ble aptitude in their work. Besides the above-mentioned, we have at Woolwich five non commissioned officers, Royal Artillery, the majority of whom have been instructed by myself. They are engaged in printing from the negatives sent us from Shoeburyness, and from other plates illustrating gun drill, bridging, and military engineering, produced formerly by myself, and at the present time being constantly augmented by additional subjects taken in the grounds of the Royal Military Repository, by Sergeant James Inglis, R.A. An excellent series of mounted guns, store carts, ammunition and ambulance waggons, and a variety of other carriages included in the artillery field train have been photo graphed on a somewhat large scale by Mr. Henry Butter, Chief Draughtsman in the Royal Carriage Department. The views taken by that gentleman, upon 15 by 12 inch plates, during the progress of experiments upon the batteriug of the Martelle Towers at Eastbourne and Bex Hill, aro probably inferior to none of their kind. The character of the work performed at Woolwich has been, to a certain extent, already defined; but it will be worth whilo enumerating a few more instances in which photography has been usefully applied. The soldier’s kit, as laid open for inspec tion; the uniform and accoutrements worn by different regi ments ; the harnessed horses composing an artillery team; mule draughts for mountain travelling; Canadian equipment for con veying guns and military stores in a cold climate ; ammunition boxes and modes of packing medicines, and small stores for trans mission to distant stations; tents and marquees; camp cooking apparatus ; pontoons and gun rafts; tackle, gyns, and other appli ances for mounting and dismounting guns, and landing the same from boats; repairing operations shown in stages, such as the rebouching of cast-iron guns, and refacing Armstrong ordnance; burst guns, showing the lines of fracture; inodes of repairing disabled gun carriages; portable fire engines; molten iron and hot shot furnaces; war rocket apparatus; construction of earth works, traverses, rope mantelets and other means of defence; the record of damages caused by accidental explosions, &c., &c. Some progress has been made also in the delineation of com plicated machinery, particularly that used in the manufacture of the Enfield rifle, and of the bullets for the same. Difficulties have, however, been encountered, partly from the want of light in the workshops illuminated only with a northern aspect, and
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