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384 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [August 7,1863. Uulk iit tbe Studio. Monument to Bishop Hooper.—We have received from Mr. H. T. Bowers a very fine photograph on a 15 x 12 plate of a monument which has just been erected at Gloucester, by public subscription, to Bishop Hooper, the Protestant martyr. It is a noble structure, placed in the churchyard of St. Mary de Load, an ancient and curious church built partly upon the foundation of the first Christian church which was built of stone in this country. The photography is very perfect indeed. Novel Use ok Card Pictures.—It is stated that, at a recent great ball, given by the Empress Eugenie, each guest was requested to bring a card picture of the costume in which ho appeared at the ball. The portraits were then collected, and placed in an album for the boudoir of the Empress. Photo-Lithography.—The T.imes gives the following from Galignanf s Messenger, a few days ago, both papers evidently fancying the matter a novelty:—“ A curious communication was sent in last week to the Academy of Sciences, by M. Morvan, in which ho describes a method of his for obtaining direct photographic impressions upon stone, and which he can afterwards print off. He first gives the stone a coating, applied in the dark, of a varnish composed of albumen and bichromate of ammonia. Upon this he lays the right side of the image to be reproduced, whether it be on glass, canvas, or paper, pro vided it be somewhat transparent. This done, he exposes the whole to the action of light for a space of time varying between thirty seconds and three minutes, if in the sun, and between ten and twenty-five minutes, if in the shade. He then takes off the original image, and washes his stone, first with soap and water, and then with pure water only, and imme diately after inks it with the usual inking roller. The image is already fixed, for it begins to show itself in black on a white ground. He now applies gum-water, lets the stone dry, which is done in a few minutes, and the operation is complete ; copies may at once be struck off by the common lithographic process. The process may be explained thus :—The varnish has been fixed and rendered insoluble by the action of light wherever it could penetrate; but, on the contrary, all the parts of the varnish protected by the dark portions of the image still retain their solubility, and are, therefore, still liable to bo acted upon by the soda and acid contained in the soap, of which they, moreover, retain a part of the substance. Hence the action produced on the stone is a combination of etching and litho graphy. The advantages of the process may be briefly summed up as follow :—Simplicity and rapidity in the operation, exact ness in reproducing the design, no need of negative impressions on glass or paper, the positive original comes out positive, the original design or model is not spoilt during the process, and the cost is trifling, owing to the cheapness of the substances. The process here, not very clearly stated, does not appear to iffer much, in principle or application, from Cutting and Brad ford’s process, patented some years ago.—ED.] • Uo Gorrespondents. Henry Thompson.—The best cement we know for joining glass is marine glue; we have not found it injure the nitrate of silver solution. 2. Chemi cally, the print sent is very good ; but there is room for improvement in the posing. An Amateur.—The sensitive plate should remain moist and ready for use a few minutes at all seasons, unless something be wrong. A horny repel- lant collodion is more apt to dry quickly than a somewhat porous and absorbent film. It has been recommended to place a piece of wet blotting- paper behind the plate, which by keeping it cool and filling the dark slide with moisture tends to prevent the plate drying. A plate may dry in day light after fixing without any detriment to its subsequent intensification. We intensified a plate successfully a day or two ago, which was taken up wards of two years ago, and has stood in the light a great part of that time. Ignoramus.—You may develop any collodion with iron, whether especially manufactured for iron development or not, and you will generally gain in rapidity by doing so. 2. You will find a good formula for collodion in our Almanac, which will answer your purpose and for most of the dry pro cesses. 3. We are uncertain as to the suitability of the collodions you name ; they will probably require the addition of a little more bromide. 4. You may use the ordinary sweet wort from a brewery for the malt process ; it should be filtered. 5. It is quite legal to make acetic acid by the distil lation of acetate of soda or potash with sulphuric acid. It is also legal to dis til ether ; and to redistil alcohol, but not to manufacture it without paying duty. G. Citric acid is made by adding chalk to lemon or lime juice, which forms insoluble citrate of lime. This is decomposed by adding dilute sulphuric acid, and on evaporation crystals of citric acid are obtained. 7. Citric acid does not spoil by keeping in crystals. 8. Yes. 9. A candle will do no harm in the dark room unless its flame be brought too near an open bottle of collodion or ether, or its light too near an excited plate. 10. You might recover your silver as a carbonate and then produce nitrate I direct if you used distilled water always for washing; but if you use com- ’ mon water, some of the silver will be thrown down as a chloride by the chlorides in the water. A great deal of the silver in waste developing solutions is gradually thrown down as a metallic powder. Young ENGLAND.—An ordinary spirit varnish is sometimes used to varnish card pictures, but we do not consider them improved by the operation. 2. You may make chloride of gold from a gilder's waste by simply dissolving it in nitro-muriatic acid, as we have often described. St. Dennis.—We believe that Marion and Co., of Soho Square, manufacture albums, and also Mr. Bourquin, of Newman Street, Oxford Street. Amateur.—The defect in your tannin plates appears to be fog. Use a weaker and more acid developer; or add a little acid to your nitrate bath. We do not consider the printing through of the sky a defect if the picture be good in other respects. With a view-lens of 4]-inch focus and half inch stop, an exposure of two minutes in a bright light is longer than necessary with an ordinarily good tannin plate. 2. With calotype paper, an exposure of five or six minutes would probably be sufficient in a bright light, with lens of 12 inches focus and ths stop. 3. So far as we can judge, without absolute comparison, we should say that, in point of sensi tiveness, ordinary tannin plates and calotype paper were very similar. W. G.—We have only tried one out of the three you name, the second, and it was very good. Lime Toning.—A {correspondent,‘who, a few weeks ago, lamentably failed with a lime bath we had described, encloses us a couple of very fine prints indeed, stating that he tried it again when it had stood a fortnight, and that all now goes well. It only required age. A.—We think that the tannin process exceeds in simplicity and certainty the Fothergill process. A.—If a portrait painter who advertised in our pages, June 26th, under the signature “A,” will call at our office, he will find another communication awaiting him. W. Bassano.—We understand our correspondent to mean that he used a bath of the strength mentioned, daily, and not the same identical solution. If the latter were meant, no specific deduction could be drawn from the fact, except as to the strength, without knowing the quantity of solution. A weak or a strong bath will become impoverished, and requiring strength ening and renewing, but the economy of the weak bath, if satisfactorily established, would consist in leaving much less free silver to be removed by washing. We have printed with very weak baths successfully, but we have an impression that when the tendency to mealiness exists, they pro mote it, and can only be used with very good vigorous negatives. 2. We are not aware that any one has done anything with gum and formic acid as a preservative. We shall be glad to hear of your results. 3. India- rubber dissolved in kerosolene, or other solvent, possesses the advantage over albumen as a preliminary coating, that there is no danger to the bath from its use, which is not always the case where albumen is used. Calx.—We are glad that our suggestion has helped you. Had we seen a plate we could have told you the cause of the defect at once. Possibly the fact that over-iodizing will produce those irregular fringe-like stains is not sufficiently explained in many works on photography. Perplexity.—We will take an early opportunity of trying the paper and reporting. John Vanhem.—We will make some inquiry into the matter. It is quite possible the matter is susceptible of some explanation. We have an im pression that the manufacturer has been very ill. Shaw and Sons.—The group and general artistic arrangement arc pretty good, there is a little want of sharpness, possibly from movement. G. L.—Carbonate of lime it slightly soluble, in most common waters, as you may easily prove by agitating the water with a little chalk, and then filtering the water until it is quite clear and bright. Now' add a little oxalic acid, which will cause turbidity, and finally a slight precipitate of insoluble oxalate of lime. Several Correspondents in our next. 11 Photographs Begistere uring the Hast «@Acekt. Messrs. Jew and Peasey, Tewkesbury,, Photograph (from oil painting) of entire horse called "Young Douglas.” Mr. Aubrey John Dean Paul, 1, Thames Place, Putney, Two Photographs of Captain Speke, {Discoverer of the Source of the Nile. Photograph of Rev. Charles Aldridge. Mr. John Hawke. 53}, Union Street, Stonehouse, Devon, Two Photographs of Col. W. F. Hopkins, Aide-de-Camp to Iler Majesty. Two Photographs of Rev. Dr. Harris. Two Photographs of Rev. Robert Eardlcy, B.A. Two Photographs of Rev. Wm. P. Slater. Photograph of Major-General Holloway, C.B., Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty. Mr. John Davis Waymouth, Nailsea, Two Photographs of Rev. Wm. White. Mr. Henry Thomas Bowers, 123, Southgate Street, Gloucester, Photographic View of the « Hooper Memorial,” at Gloucester. Mr. II. J. Whitlock, Birmingham, Two Photographs of Mr. Spooner. Mr. William II. Hilton, 22, Kensington Place, Brighton, Two Photographs of the 1st Sussex Volunteer Artillery Band. Mr. Thomas Arman, 202, Hope Street, Glasgow, Two Photographs of the Rev. David Young. Mr. Wm. Joseph Eggar, 2, Grove Cottages, Barrington Road, Brixton, Photograph of a Seal used by King Charles II. whilst in Exile. Mr. Peter Maitland Laws, 38, Blackett Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Three Photographs of Rev. Richard Leitch. Mr. William Guthrie, 23, Nun’s Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Two Photographs of Mr. Sothern, Comedian. Messrs. W. and D. Downey, 9, Eldon Square, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Photographs of Rt. Hon. C. Pelham Villiers, MP.iktho Frederick Peel, M.P.; Sir W. Dunbar, Bart., M.P. i Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.
