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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 7.1863
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1863
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- F 135
- Vorlage
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Lizenz-/Rechtehinweis
- Public Domain Mark 1.0
- URN
- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-186300004
- PURL
- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18630000
- OAI-Identifier
- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18630000
- Sammlungen
- Fotografie
- LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Strukturtyp
- Band
- Parlamentsperiode
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- Wahlperiode
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- Bandzählung
- No. 255, July 24, 1863
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Strukturtyp
- Ausgabe
- Parlamentsperiode
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- Wahlperiode
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 7.1863
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt -
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- Register Index 619
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Band
Band 7.1863
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- Titel
- The photographic news
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 355 Let us now proceed to take one of these pictures. In a small room, lighted by a few rays which filter through a yellow curtain, a youth has been employed all the morning in develop ing the sensitive conscience of certain sheets of paper, which came to him from the manufacturer already glazed by having been floated upon the white of eggs, and carefully dried, as previously described. This ‘ ‘ albumenized ’ ’ paper the youth lays gently and skilfully upon the surface of a solution of nitrate of silver. When it has floated there a few minutes, he lifts it, lets it drain, and hangs it by one corner to dry. This “ sensitized ” paper is served fresh every morning, as it loses its delicacy by keeping. Wo take a piece of this paper, of the proper size, and lay it on the varnished, or pictured side, of the negative, which is itself laid in a wooden frame, like a picture-frame. Then we place a thick piece of cloth on the paper. Then we lay a hinged wooden back on the cloth, and by means of two brass springs, press all close together.—the wooden back against the cloth, the cloth against the paper, the paper against the nega tive. We turn the frame over and see that the plain side of the glass negative is clean. And now we step out upon the roof of the house into the bright sunshine, and lay the frame, with the glass uppermost, in the full blaze of light. For a very little whjle we can see the paper darkening through the negative, but presently it clouds so much that its further changes cannot bo recognized. When we think it has darkened nearly enough, we turn it over, open a part of the hinged back, turn down first a portion of the thick cloth, and then enough of the paper to see something of tho forming picture. If not printed dark enough as yet, we turn back to their places successively the picture, the cloth, the opened part of the frame, and lay it again in the sun. It is just like cooking; the sun is the fire, and the picture is the cake ; when it is browned exactly to the right point, wo take it off the fire. A photograph printer will have fifty or more pictures printing at once, and he keeps going up and down the line, opening the frames to look and see how they are getting on. As fast as they are done, he turns them over, back to the sun, and the cooking process stops at once. The pictures which have just been printed in the sunshine are of a peculiar purple tint, and still sensitive to the light, which will first “flatten them out," and finally darken the whole paper, if they are exposed to it before the series of pro cesses which “ fixes ” and “ tones ” them. They are kept shady, therefore, until a batch is ready to go down to the toning room. When they roach that part of the establishment, the first thing that is done with them is to throw them face down upon tho surface of a salt bath. Their purple changes at once to a dull red. They are then washed in clean water for a few minutes, and after that laid, face up, in a solution of chloride of gold, with a salt of soda. Here they must lie for some minutes at least; for the change, which we can watch by tho lodion film. Tho iodide of silver is eminently sensitive to light. Tho use of the collodion is to furnish a delicate, homo- : geneous, adhesive, colourless layer, in which the iodide may be i deposited. Its organic nature may favour the action of light upon the iodide of silver. , While we have been talking and waiting, the process just described has been going on, and we are now ready to take the glass plato out of tho nitrate of silver bath. It is wholly changed in aspect. The film has become in appearance like a boiled white of egg, so that the glass produces rather the effect of porcelain, as we look at it. Open no door now ! Let in no glimpse of day, or the charm is broken in an instant! No Sultana was ever veiled from the light of heaven as this milky tablet we hold must be. But we must carry it to the camera which stands waiting for it in the blaze of high noon. To do this wo first carefully place it in this narrow case, called a shield, where it lies safe in utter darkness. We now carry it to the camera, and having removed the ground glass on which the camera-picture had been brought to an exact focus, we drop the shield containing the sensitive plate into the groove the glass occupied. Then we pull out a slide, as the blanket is taken from a horse before he starts. There is nothing now but to remove the brass cap from the lens. That is giving the word Go 11 is a tremulous moment for the beginner. As we lift the brass cap, we begin to count seconds,—by a watch, if we are naturally unrhythmical,—by the pulsations in our souls, if we have an intellectual pendulum and escapement. Most persons can keep tolerably even time with a second-hand while it is traversing its circle. Tho light is pretty good at this time, and wo count only as far as thirty, when we cover the lens again with the cap. Thon we replace the slide in the shield, draw this out of the camera, and carry it back into the shadowy realm, where Cocytus flows in black nitrate of silver, and Acheron stagnates in the pool of hyposulphite, and invisible ghosts, trooping down from the world of day, cross a Styx of dissolved sulphate of iron, and appear before the Rhadamanthus of that lurid Hades. Such a ghost we hold imprisoned in the shield wo have just brought from the camera. We open it and find our milky- surfaced glass plate looking exactly as it did when we placed it in the shield. No eye, no microscope, can detect a trace of change in the white film that is spread over it. And yet there is a potential image in it,—a latent soul, which will presently appear before its judge. This is the Stygian stream,—this solution of proto-sulphate of iron, with which wo will presently flood the white surface. We pour on tho solution. There is no change at first; the fluid flows over the whole surface as harmless and as useless as scanty daylight admitted, goes on slowly. Gradually they turn to a darker shade; the reddish tint becomes lilac, purple, brown, of somewhat different tints in different cases. When the process seems to have gone far enough, the picture is thrown into a bath containing hyposulphite of soda, which dis solves the superfluous, unstable compounds, and rapidly clears up the lighter portions of the picture. On being removed from this, it is thoroughly washed, dried, and mounted, by pasting it with starch, or dextrine, to a card of the proper size. The reader who has followed the details of tho process may like to know what are the common difficulties the beginner meets with. The first is in coating the glass with collodion. It takes some practice to learn to do this neatly and uniformly. The second is in timing the immersion in the nitrate of silver bath. This is easily overcome; the glass may be examined by tho feeble lamp-light, at the end of two or three minutes, and if the surface looks streaky, replunged in the bath for a minute or two more, or until the surface looks smooth. The third is in getting an exact focus in the camera, which wants good eyes, or strong glasses for poor ones. The fourth is in timing the exposure. This is the most delicate of all the processes. Experience alone can teach the time required with different objects in different lights. Here are four card-portraits from a negative taken from ono of Barry’s crayon pictures, illustrating an experiment which will prove very useful to tho beginner. Tho negative of No. 1 was ■ exposed only two seconds. The young lady’s face is very dusky on a very dusky ground. The lights have hardly come if it were water. What if there were no picture there? Stop! what is that change of colour beginning at this edge, and spreading as a blush spreads over a girl’s cheek ? It is a border, like that round tho picture,' and then dawns the outline of a head, and now the eyes come out from the blank as stars from the empty sky, and the lineaments define themselves, plainly enough, yet in a strange aspect—for where there was lght in the picture we have shadow, and where there was shadow we havelight. But while we look it seems to fade again, as if it would disappear. Have no fear of that; it is only deepening its shadows. Now we place it under the running water which we have always at hand. Wo hold it up before tho dull-red ' gas-light, and then wo see that every lino of tho original and the artist’s name are reproduced as sharply as if the fairies had engraved them for us. Tho pictuio is perfect ot its kind, only it seems to want a little more force. That wo can easily get by the simple process called “ intensifying,” or “ redeveloping.” We mix a solution of nitrate ot silver and of pyrogallic acid in about equal quantities, and pour it upon the pictured film and beck again into tho vessel, repeating this with the same portion of fluid several times. Presently tho fluid goes brownish, and at the sumo time the whole picture gains the depth of shadow in its darker parts which we desire. Again wo place it under tho running water. When it is well washed, we plunge it into this bath of hyposulphite of soda, which removes all the | iodide of silver, leaving only the dark metal impregnating the film. After it has remained there a few minutes, wo take it out and wash it again as before under the running stream of water. Then wo dry it, and when it is dry, pour varnish over it, dry that, and it is done. This is a negative,—not a true pic ture, but a reversed picture, which puts darkness for light, and pghtidarkness. From this wo can take true pictures, or
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