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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 7.1863
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1863
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- Englisch
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- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 249, June 12, 1863
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 7.1863
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- Register Index 619
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Band
Band 7.1863
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284 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [June 12, 1863. Two equally bright lights in opposite directions, or rathe at directions at right angles to each other, are very objecr tionable, because either produces a bright circle of light in the eyes, which is repugnant to an artist’s feelings from the fact that the picture besides is severely flat for want of contrast. If light proceed from two directions at right angles to each other, or somewhere in the neighbourhood of this angle, of which one is more brilliant than the other, then it is possible so to arrange the sitter or model as to satisfy a cultivated taste. The greater the brilliancy of the light, the more un manageable it becomes in the production of that soft merging of light into shade which in photography is so much required. It is, therefore, quite objectionable to use the direct rays of the sun in taking portraits. But during the day these rays proceed from three directions of the compass ; in the morning from the east, at noon from the south, and in the evening from the west; from the north alone in the northern hemi sphere the rays never emerge. But the northern sky or space is illumined by the direct light from the sun, which by reflection and diffusion has parted with so much of its offensive brilliancy, and is rendered soft and manageable. The direct light into the glass-house, therefore, must enter from the north; this is the light which performs or is to perform the principal part in the production of a photo graphic negative or positive. Now this single light, which enters from the northern part of the hemisphere, or a portion of it at least, may be softened down by reflection from side screens, and so directed by them upon the sitter as to make any degree of agreeable contrast. With these principles in view the glass-house must be constructed. If the opera ting room is situated in the highest story of a house, this house ought to be at least as high as the adjoining or con tiguous buildings ; and the glass window on the roof must be quite unobstructed by chimneys or trees in a direction perpendicular to its surface. Supposing the ends of the building in which it is required to construct a photographic establishment, face east and west, the following arrangement is one which I would recommend:—Let the southern side wall be raised until it is as high as the ridge of the roof; in like manner fill up to the same height the triangular space in the end wall between the chimney and the southern wall now raised, either on the eastern or westetn end as it may happen to be ; at a distance of fifteen feet from the end wall raise another equally high and parallel with it from the southern side to the ridge of the roof. Next construct a water-tight flat roof beginning at the side and running towards the north about ten feet. Where this terminates introduce the wooden frame (the southern portion inclining to the horizon towards the north at an angle of 45°) to contain the skylight, which may be fifteen feet wide by twelve feet deep, and inclined at an angle of 45° with the horizon and facing the north; the southern part of the frame and the window, therefore, com prehend a right angle. Where it is practicable, it is as well to have a window in either of the end walls, furnished with sets of tight shutters, about four feet wide and proceeding (in direct contact at the commencement with the part of the skylight nearest the north) downwards to within two feet of the floor. Such side-l ights can frequently be used instead of screens; and by the adjustment of the shutters light can be admitted as required, either as regards quantity or direction, that is, from the west in the morning and from the cast in the evening. From the lowest part of the skylight downwards, and right across the room, the space is boarded up about four feet deep ; and then the remaining part over head is a flat ceiling as far as the northern side of the building. The length of this room must be about thirty feet. The dark chamber of the ordinary work-room may be constructed on the northern side, the window of one. being glazed with an orange-yellow coloured grass in order to absorb the actinic rays, and the other with common crown glass. On the outside of the side windows small platforms are formed for the reception of the printing frames, where no other room can be had separately and especially for the direct-printing department. The skylight and the side-lights have to be furnished with curtains in order to soften or modify the right, which has access, according to the circumstances of the case or the taste of the artist. The backgrounds arc placed in the space beneath the flat roof on the southern side, and so far back as to cut off as much as possible the direct rays upon the head of the sitter. The northern end must be prepared with a greyish coloured paper, the more uniform the better, so as to keep this part as feebly lighted as possible. It is even advisable to have the part where the camera is situated entirely curtained off from the remaining space ; by such an arrange ment the operator requires no focussing cloth, and the curtains being of some material such as wool, and of a deadened colour, the sitter’s eyes are never strained by looking in this direction. It happens, however, very frequently that photographers cannot direct the construction of their rooms, and that the sky light is inserted directly into the slanting side of the roof. In this case, if the light comes from the north, the room will have a direction from east to west; the sitter being placed at either end according to circumstances. Here only one side light can be used ; to compensate the want of a southern side light, a screen moveable on an axis is placed in its stead, which, receiving light either from above or the opposite side, can be made to reflect the same in the direc tion required. . Where the ridge of a roof of a building is directly north and south, and a skylight has to be constructed on the slanting roof, there seems to be no alternative but to make two skylights, one on cither side, furnished with thick curtains on the inside, and on the outside with a tall parti tion between them, as also one on the southern side to exclude the direct rays of the sun ; or to construct a suite of rooms by raising one of the side walls of the building as nearly in accordance with the plan first proposed, with those exceptions only which the nature of the building would demand. For instance, if the building were somewhat wide, there would be only one side window; and the facilities for printing would not be so great, unless some room could be fixed up with a southern aspect. The illumination of the background by the light from the skylight just described is uniform, because the construc tion of the frame admits an equal quantity at the top and at the bottom. The ordinary mode of erecting the southern part of the frame which supports the skylight, in a position perpendicular to the horizon, excludes much of the light and forms a shadow on the upper part of the background, unless a contrivance of reflection over head causes the light to be equally and uniformly distributed.—Humphrey’s Journal. • INSTANTANEOUS PICTURES. Humphrey’s Journal lays down the following conditions in order to be able to take an instantaneous picture :— ' The light must bo very bright. The atmosphere must be very clear, if after rain so much the better. The lens must be well corrected and capable of working, so corrected, with a large aperture, the larger the better. The collodion, the silver bath, the developer, and intensifier must all be pure and normally good of their kind. The camera-box must be provided with a means by which the tube can be opened and closed in the fraction of a second, an operation that may be performed with a dex terous hand holding a black cloth. With such conditions you may succeed, but not always, by proceeding as follows: Coat your plate with collodion and sensitize as usual, then expose to the view as instantaneously as possible.
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