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The photographic news
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- 7.1863
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- 1863
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- Bandzählung
- No. 238, March 27, 1863
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The photographic news
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Band 7.1863
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- Register Index 619
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. Vol. VII. No. 238.—March 27, 1863. CONTENTS. PAGE M. Meynier’s New Fixing Salt 145 Secret Formulas. By Coleman Sellers 146 On the Influence of Iodides and Bromides in Collodion, and on the Influence of Developing Agents upon Short or Long Ex posure. By M. Ommeganck 146 A Short Lesson in Photography.—No. 10 147 Preparation of Gutta-Percha Paper. By Alexander Arnstein... 148 The Stereograph and the Stereoscope 149 PAGE The Nitrate of Silver Bath 150 Photographs in Printing Ink 152 Proceedings of Societies 152 Correspondence 154 Photographic Notes and Queries 155 Photographs Registered during the past Week 155 Talk in the Studio 156 To Correspondents 156 M. MEYNIER’S NEW FIXING SALT. The application to photography of a salt which might replace hyposulphite of soda and cyanide of potassium, for fixing either negatives or positives, without presenting the inconveniences peculiar to these two substances, was an event too important to the photographic art, and for the perma nency of pictures obtained by the aid of salts of silver, not to strongly excite the attention of all who are interested in the progress of science and who regret seeing so many excellent proofs rapidly fade. The Marseilles Photographic Society, of which M. Meynier is an active member have submitted the new fixing agent to the necessary tests in order to prove its superiority over hyposulphite of soda, and M. Teisseire has made a report upon it, of which we give the substance as recorded in the Moniteur de la Photographic. The results are less satisfac tory than could have been desired. We hope shortly to record the results of our own experiments in the matter. The salt proposed by M. Meynier is the sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium, which lie obtains by mixing the compound of sulphide of ammonium dissolved in water in presence of a porous body, such as sawdust. Chemistry offers several other methods of preparing this salt. Its elements arc, as its name indicates, sulphur, hydrocyanic acid and ammonium. It presents, therefore, some analogy, by its elements, with the three fixing agents hitherto employed in photography—hyposulphite of soda, cyanide of potassium, and ammonia. Like them, it possesses the property of completely dissolv ing the chloride, iodide, and bromide of silver, and all identi cal compounds, and particularly, according to M. Meynier, the sulpho-cyanide of silver which may be formed during the fixing of proofs. M. Meynier states that the new salt is not poisonous like the cyanide of potassium. These properties induced him to employ it for fixing negatives and positives. The sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium dissolves the ar gentine compounds employed in photography very readily, and its most remarkable property with respect to the perma nency of the pictures is, that notwithstanding the presence of sulphur among its elements, it does not precipitate that element under the action of acids, which is the primary cause of the fading of proofs fixed with hyposulphite of soda. To verify this property a saturated solution of hypo sulphite of soda was placed in one test glass, and a saturated solution of sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium in another. A drop of acid added to the solution of hyposulphite of soda caused an abundant white precipitate of sulphur. The solution of sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium similarly treated on the contrary, remained limpid. This limpidity was not changed under the action of a very strong propor- 1on oqacid. The liquid only became feebly coloured yellow red. ^rom these facts it evidently results that the sulpho- cyanhydrate of ammonium docs not precipitate sulphur under the influence of acids, and admitting that some sulphur must be liberated, soluble compounds only are formed, which will be removed by washing, and leave no sulphur in the substance of the paper. The next experiment was to ascertain whether the new fixing salt could be applied indifferently to albumenized, and to simply salted paper; the results were stated as follows:— 1st. Salted paper.—We believe the new salt to be perfectly applicable to proofs on salted paper, sensitized either in the bath of 15 per cent, of nitrate, or of 5 per cent, of ammo- niacal nitrate. The faces come well out without losing much vigour in the fixing. The proof remains perfectly pure in the whites, without taking a yellow tint. (N.B. During the fixing, the following phenomenon takes place : after a few minutes’ immersion in the sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammo nium bath, the proof becomes covered with a white veil, which is formed by sulpho-cyanide of silver. This veil ulti mately disappears, especially if the proof is passed to another new bath, when the picture soon resumes all its vigour). 2nd. Albumenizedpaper sensitized in an ammoniacal nitrate bath.—We have not obtained good results by fixing proofs upon ammoniacal paper, by means of sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium. The ammoniacal nitrate solution itself removes some albumen from the paper, and consequently its gloss ; the sulpho-cyanhydrate finishes the work, and but very little albumen remains on the proof. The colour given by the toning disappears, and the picture assumes a tint resembling that of proofs fixed in hyposulphite of soda and not toned. The albumen having for the most part disappeared, the pictures have very disagreeable dull tones, with no depth, and the whites become very yellow. 3rd. A lbumenized paper sensitized on an ordinary nitrate bath of 15 to 20 per cent.—The sulpho-cyanhydrate might be employed to fix proofs on paper with 15 to 20 per cent, of nitrate, if we could prevent the paper turning yellow under its influence. The albumen remains intact. The tones given by the toning bath are well preserved if we take care to force them a little. The picture appears perfectly clear when viewed by transmitted light, but notwithstanding the most careful washing, it becomes yellow when dry. The question arises, Is this effect caused by the presence of sulphur in the elements of the new fixing salt, or by the albumen itself? But the fact is undoubted. We have, in presence of M. Meynier, made comparative experiments with hyposulphite of soda, and the new salt. Some stereoscopic pictures were cut in two, and one half fixed in hyposulphite of soda, and the other half in sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammo nium ; in the first, the whites remained pure, in the second, they yellowed considerably. Experiments made upon various qualities of paper, gave similar results. With respect to the permanence of the proofs obtained by this process, time alone can show, if they be more durable than those fixed by hyposulphite of soda. In conclusion, we think that the sulpho-cyanhydrate of ammonium maybe employed in photography for fixing collo dion negatives and positives upon salted paper, but that it
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