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The photographic news
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- Bandzählung
- No. 489, January 17, 1868
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The photographic news
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. Vol. XI. No. 489.—January 17, 1868. CONTENTS. PAGE Silver Soap as a Sensitive Agent 25 Hyposulphite of Ammonia for Fixing 25 Another Sensitive Salt for Photographers—Fluoride of Silver... 26 The Use of Clouds in Landscapes. By Lux 27 The Magic Lantern and Photography. By James Martin 28 On Natural Clouds in Landscape Photography. By J. R, John ¬ son 28 Researches on the Hyposulphites and other Fixing Agents. By John Spiller, F.C.S 29 Resuscitation of the Old Toning and Fixing Solution. By Prof. Towler 31 Proceedings of Societies—South London Photographic Society —London Photographic Society 31 Correspondence—Remarks upon the Chemistry of Photography —On the Use of Distilled Water—India-Rubber Mounting —Soap in Dry Collodion—Edge’s Photos.—Double Printing and Mr. Edge’s Pictures 33 Talk in the Studio 35 To Correspondents 35 SILVER SOAP AS A SENSITIVE AGENT. Notwithstanding the experimental activity which often prevails in photography, it is singular how long a known sensitive agent will remain little examined and unutilized. The oleate of silver is one of these substances. About five years ago M. Quaglio called attention to its use in a method of photo-lithography, of which we have heard no more. M. Carey Lea, Dr. Liesegang, and others, gave some attention to it about the same time. Dr. Phipson, in his Preparateur Photographe, published four or five years ago, referring to this substance, states that it is extremely sensitive to light, blackening completely in an exposure of from five to seven minutes. Ho mentions that spread upon a piece of ground glass, and exposed under a negative, it yields a print of a line black tint, which may be fixed by treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by hyposulphite of soda. Some time in the year 18G6 we received a communication from an ingenious correspondent, Mr. R. Courtenay, some line exam ples of instantaneous photography, accompanied by the information that the accelerating agent he employed in his collodion, which at once gave rapidity and vigour, was oleate of silver. We suggested at that time that this organic salt of silver would probably prove of service in the dry collodion processes, and, further, that in our collodio-chloride process, which would probably prove valuable in securing fine prints. Wo commenced some experiments with it for the latter purpose; which, from the intervention of other important engagements, were, however, never carried out. The simple experiment then made consisted in adding about three grains of Windsor toilet soap, finely scraped, to an ounce of collodio chloride of silver, and, after a few hours, trying it for printing. The sensitiveness was enormously increased, and a considerable accession of vigour was secured. The results were full of promise; but, as we have said, the experiments wore pushed aside by other matters at the time, and have not been renewed.. Wo . shall resume the experiments at an early opportunity.* M. Carey Lea, to whoso activity and ability as an experi mentalist photographers are already largely indebted, has recently made a new application of silver soap, which promises to prove of great value. He also uses it in a dry collodion process, but in an extremely simple and elegant manner. Taking the collodio-bromide process of Messrs. Sayce and Bolton, he forms in it oleate of silver to supply the sensitive organic salt which is found necessary or desira ble in dry processes generally. The results are described as very encouraging, which, d priori, we are quite prepared to believe. The collodio-bromide process, under the manage ment of Mr. Mawdsley, at the Liverpool Dry Plate Com * Wo have, since writing the above, repeated the experiment with similar results. We shall have more to say on the subject shortly. pany, gives plates admirably stable and certain, with a degree of sensitiveness exceeding that of most dry plates, and it seems very probable that the addition of an agent like oleate of silver will still further increase their sensi bility. In his formula, which wo published last week, Mr. Lea recommends the use of an officinal tincture of soap, chiefly on the ground that, being employed in pharmacy, it can be purchased ready for use, and that alcoholic solutions of soap are troublesome to prepare. As the tincture of soap to which he refers is an American preparation, the argument of facility in obtaining it is not available to the English reader, to whom, therefore, as the preparation of his own soap solution, or his own oleate of silver will be necessary, a few words on the subject may be useful. Oleate of silver is a yellowish white substance somewhat resembling wax in texture ; it is not soluble in water, but readily soluble in ether and alcohol, and therefore in collo dion. It is formed by mixing six parts of nitrate of silver in concentrated solution with seven parts of Castile soap in strong solution. The oleic acid and margaric acid, which are united with a soda base, combine with the silver, and a precipitate, consisting chiefly of oleate of silver, with a little margarate of silver, is thrown down, leaving nitrate of soda in solution. The precipitate is washed, and pressed dry between folds of blotting-paper. It may be added to collo dio-bromide or collodio-chloride of silver in this form, and will readily dissolve in the proportion required. A still simpler plan of operation would consist in the preparation of an alcoholic solution of soap, to be used in the preparation of the collodion. Most of the alkaline oleates, stearates, and margarates, are in some degree soluble in alcohol, and will form a strong solution, if cut into shavings and digested for some time ; or the soap might be added in fine shavings direct to the collodio-chloride or collodio-bromide, without much risk of inconvenience. As the soaps with a potash base are most soluble in alcohol, they should be chosen. Common soft soap, which is an oleate of potash, may with advantage be used for this purpose. Two or three grains of this oleate added to each ounce of collodio-bromide or collodio-chloride of silver when it is first prepared—having, of course, about an equal weight of free nitrate of silver present to combine with it—will, it is probable, give a sufficient proportion of oleate of silver, without leaving any-troublesome residue. HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA FOR FIXING. In Mr. Spiller’s interesting paper on Fixing Agents, read before the Photographic Society on Tuesday evening, ho mentions that on using a bath of hyposulphite of ammonia subsequent to the ordinary fixing of the print, he was
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