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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 12.1868
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1868
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- Englisch
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- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- SLUB Dresden
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18680000
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 12.1868
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Kapitel Preface III
- Ausgabe No. 487, January 3, 1868 1
- Ausgabe No. 488, January 10, 1868 13
- Ausgabe No. 489, January 17, 1868 25
- Ausgabe No. 490, January 24, 1868 37
- Ausgabe No. 491, January 31, 1868 49
- Ausgabe No. 492, February 7, 1868 61
- Ausgabe No. 493, February 14, 1868 73
- Ausgabe No. 494, February 21, 1868 85
- Ausgabe No. 495, February 28, 1868 97
- Ausgabe No. 496, March 6, 1868 109
- Ausgabe No. 497, March 13, 1868 121
- Ausgabe No. 498, March 20, 1868 133
- Ausgabe No. 499, March 27, 1868 145
- Ausgabe No. 500, April 3, 1868 157
- Ausgabe No. 501, April 9, 1868 169
- Ausgabe No. 502, April 17, 1868 181
- Ausgabe No. 503, April 24, 1868 193
- Ausgabe No. 504, May 1, 1868 205
- Ausgabe No. 505, May 8, 1868 217
- Ausgabe No. 506, May 15, 1868 229
- Ausgabe No. 507, May 22, 1868 241
- Ausgabe No. 508, May 29, 1868 253
- Ausgabe No. 509, June 5, 1868 265
- Ausgabe No. 510, June 12, 1868 277
- Ausgabe No. 511, June 19, 1868 289
- Ausgabe No. 512, June 26, 1868 301
- Ausgabe No. 513, July 3, 1868 313
- Ausgabe No. 514, July 10, 1868 325
- Ausgabe No. 515, July 17, 1868 337
- Ausgabe No. 516, July 24, 1868 349
- Ausgabe No. 517, July 31, 1868 361
- Ausgabe No. 518, August 7, 1868 373
- Ausgabe No. 519, August 14, 1868 385
- Ausgabe No. 520, August 21, 1868 397
- Ausgabe No. 521, August 28, 1868 409
- Ausgabe No. 522, September 4, 1868 421
- Ausgabe No. 523, September 11, 1868 433
- Ausgabe No. 524, September 18, 1868 445
- Ausgabe No. 525, September 25, 1868 457
- Ausgabe No. 526, October 2, 1868 469
- Ausgabe No. 527, October 9, 1868 481
- Ausgabe No. 528, October 16, 1868 493
- Ausgabe No. 529, October 23, 1868 505
- Ausgabe No. 530, October 30, 1868 517
- Ausgabe No. 531, November 6, 1868 529
- Ausgabe No. 532, November 13, 1868 541
- Ausgabe No. 533, November 20, 1868 553
- Ausgabe No. 534, November 27, 1868 565
- Ausgabe No. 535, December 4, 1868 577
- Ausgabe No. 536, December 11, 1868 589
- Ausgabe No. 537, December 18, 1868 601
- Ausgabe No. 538, December 24, 1868 613
- Register The Index To Volume XII 619
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Band
Band 12.1868
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- Titel
- The photographic news
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274 THE photographic news. [June 5, 1868. After the picture has been developed it is never intensified, as in ordinary photographic operations, because some loss of detail in the image is always the result of such treatment, and thin negatives are best to produce enlargements. Lastly, the pic ture is fixed with hyposulphite of soda, and very thoroughly washed afterwards, for although a very faint trace of this salt left in the film might be harmless for some years, it would eventually cause the destruction of the picture. After the washing, the finished picture is put aside to dry. “ The picture of the moon thus obtained is only about 1 inch or 1 2-IC inch in diameter, according to the distance of the satellite from the earth. The greater the focal length of the telescope the larger would be the direct pictures of the moon obtained, so that with Lord Rosso’s telescope it would bo pos sible, by means of good clockwork and high class photographic ability, to get magnificent pictures of the moon between 6 inches and 7 inches in diameter. The great Melbourne telescope is provided with photographic apparatus, and will give pictures of between 3 inches to 4 inches diameter. Mr. Le Suen, who will have the direction of this instrument in Melbourne, has worked at Cranford, so as to familiarize himself with astronomical pho tography. Such pictures, if obtained, would be of scientific value. Mr. Warren de la Rue finds that parts of the moon which are equally bright to the eye do not reflect the chemical rays equally, for there is considerable difference in the intensity of these parts in the photograph. Jupiter and Saturn, as taken at Cranford, are small specks upon the photographic plate, and require a magnifying glass to show details. Saturn’s rings, and the belts of Jupiter, are then distinguishable in the pictures. “ When an astronomical picture has been obtained and finished, it becomes necessary to render it permanent and safe from liability to injury. This is done by cementing a second sheet of glass in optical contact with the picture by means of Canada balsam, so that the film is protected like a fly in amber. A brass plate, about 18 inches long by 9 inches wide, is sup ported upon four legs, each about 8 inches in length. Length ways, underneath the middle of the plate, is a gas-pipe with a row of holes along the top, giving a line of little jets heating the plate above. Levelling screws on the legs, and a circular spirit level laid for the purpose upon the plate, enable the latter to be adjusted in a truly horizontal position. The plate of glass is then laid picture side uppermost upon the brass plate, by which it is heated. A small circle, 2 inches in diameter, of plain, clean, patent plate glass, having also been warmed upon tho brass plate, is then laid over the centre of the picture, but not so as to touch it, for a slip of thin paper has ils end laid under the edge of one side of the upper glass. A few drops of Canada balsam are then allowed to drop upon the lower glass at the point where it is touched by the upper one. The balsam is rendered more fluid by tho heat, and slowly travels on its way between tho plates of glass, being drawn on by the force of capillary attraction. Slowly does it travel between tho plates, and when it has gone a little more than half its journey across, the slip of paper is removed, and tho balsam at last fills up tho infinitesimal space between tho upper and lower plate. This operation requires patience, as it takes about a quarter of anhour before it is complete, and when any feeding with balsam is necessary it should be added to that side where the upper glass touches the lower one. At the close more Canada balsam is applied round the edge of the upper plate, and the cemented picture is left for a little time upon tho brass plate that much of the volatile essential oil contained in the balsam may be driven off by heat. “The very perfect little photographs of the moon, having been taken as thus described, enlarged copies have been made of them upon circles varying from 18 inches to 38 inches in diameter, the latter being about the scale of Beer and Madler’s largo map. The photographic picture is necessarily the more accurate of the two, from the truthfulness of photography, and from the fact that draughtsmen cannot draw the moon in a short time, so that some portions of their pictures must be taken when the moon has turned itself a little out of its former posi tion with regard to the earth. The copying camera, used to obtain the enlarged pictures, is of the usual construction. It is pointed to the north pole, a shutter opening in the roof of the camera-house for that object, for the sake of the steady light emanating from that part of the heavens, which light is allowed first to pass through a tube, that the rays may be parallel when they fall upon and illuminate the small, transparent photograph of the moon, lying at the bottom of the tube. Inside the camera, a little below the illuminated negative, is tho copying lens, which throws an enlarged image of the little photograph upon a large sensitized plate at the bottom of the camera. The lens and small negative may be very accurately adjusted with respect to each other, a small microscope being brought into play in the operation. Generally, positives on the scale of 9 inches to the moon’s diameter are taken in this way, and the pictures so obtained used for tho secondary enlargements. In this copying process, as might be expected, there is some loss, details being visible in the little negative which are not fully rendered in the enlarged copy. Mr. Dallmeyer, the optician, has recently made a lens, which he says he thinks will render every detail without loss, and when it is received it will be rigidly tested.” 2roreedings of Sucieties, American Institute. At the May meeting of the Photographic Section of tho American Institute, Mr. Joseph Dixon in the chair, after soma general proceedings, Mr. E. G. Squier detailed some experiences of photography in Central and South America. He expressed his conviction at the outset, that the traveller in the present day could not do his work properly without the assistance of photography. Travellers’ tales became travellers’ truths when the camera and lens were brought to their illustration and vindication. He then proceeded to state that having accepted a mission to the Government of Pern, he resolved to take with him a photo grapher and photographic outfit. Soon after he had arrived in the country of his travels his photographer died, and he says: “ I found myself next day not only alone in the great American Thibet, but encumbered with a bulky apparatus and a large amount of material. To utilize them, 1 found no in struction except such as is contained in that lively and lucid book, ‘ Hardwich's Manual of Photographic Chemistry,’including [and hero is whore the laugh comes in] the ‘ Practice of the Collodion Process.’ If you discover any silver streak in my beard, or other evidences of premature old age, you will now know to what to ascribe them. The last syllable of Mr. Hard- wich’s name is a pleonasm. Now I do not doubt that ‛HI+N0,=H0+I+NOa‛ is an exact formula, but it is not altogether a pleasing one to encounter when one is all alone among the Andes, with these mule loads of bottles and other things, which he must try to utilize, or surrender the object of all his labour and outlay. “ How I made baths and collodion in low thatched Indian huts, staining my fingers and spoiling my clothes; how my ether went off with a bang, on the shallow pretext of being too closely approached by the dimmest of all dim tallow dips ; how my Arriero nearly died from taking a surreptitious swig of Atwood’s 95° alcohol, and afterwards nearly murdered me by bringing glacial acetic acid when I asked for vinegar ; how— But, gentlemen, if you want to know how, forget all you ever knew about photography, and go up among the Andes when the thermometer is ‘ steady ’ at zero, with three mule loads of chemicals and instruments, and ‘Hardwich’s Manual and Practice.’ “ But badinage apart: How photography may be best utilized for the purposes of the traveller, it seems to me, is a problem worthy of engaging the attention of the practical pro fessors of the art. Unfortunately, however, there are few of these professors who know all the difficulties which beset tho traveller, especially in remote savage or half-civilized countries, where, perhaps, neither house nor hut is to be encountered for days and weeks, where the weather is fervid or freezing, the earth over-shadowed by forests or overflowed by water, or else desolate and dry, and where, always, above all things else, transportation is expensive, difficult, or impossible to be had, and where the baggage of the traveller requires to be reduced to a minimum. “ The traveller does not expect to take fine pictures, to bo exhibited as among the highest achievements of photographic art; but he wants to obtain fair results cheaply and rapidly; and to do this he must have his apparatus compact, dispense with tents, be able to get along for a reasonable time at least without water, and with the least possible amount of that heavy and fragile material called glass. He must also be able to do his whole work without assistants, who are seldom to be had, or, when had, are sometimes worse than none at all.
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