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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 12.1868
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1868
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- F 135
- Vorlage
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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- Public Domain Mark 1.0
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- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-186800009
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18680000
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- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18680000
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- Fotografie
- LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Parlamentsperiode
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- Bandzählung
- No. 502, April 17, 1868
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 12.1868
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Kapitel Preface III
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- Register The Index To Volume XII 619
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Band
Band 12.1868
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- The photographic news
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184 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [April 17, 1868. photographic scraps would afford legitimate employment to many photographers, and their distribution would afford pleasure and profit to many thousands of the public. But the conscientious photographer feels himself placed in con stant difficulty and danger for lack of certain information as to what he may or may not reproduce with impunity, and without infringing the rights of others. The suggestion of our contemporary to establish a museum of art in which shall be preserved photographs of all works in which copy right exists, readily accessible to the public or those con cerned, is, we think, a most useful one, and well worthy the attention of all interested in the maintenance of copyrights on the one hand, and in photographic reproduction on the other. We hope that this part of the question will not be overlooked in the introduction to Parliament of a new Copy right Bill, which is, we understand, contemplated at the first convenient opportunity. o VISITS TO NOTEWORTHY STUDIOS. Mk. England’s Establishment at Notting Hill. We shall not ask our readers to follow Mr. England to any of the grand studios wherein his magnificent negatives have been produced and his triumphs won: it is not to Niagara, or the streets of Paris, or up the Rhine, or to the peaks and passes of the Alps, which have for years past served as his theatre of operations, with mountain and waterfall, pine forest or rocky glen, for his models, that we now direct the attention of our readers. Our present purpose is to give a brief sketch of one of the most complete establishments we know for printing, and, indeed, all operations connected with photography except portraiture. The primary purpose of the Notting Hill establishment is printing, and to that end the arrangements are chiefly directed. The most noticeable feature is the large and con veniently arranged printing space under glass. This con sists of something like a large glass house, with an area of about 1,300 superficial feet. All round this space are arranged racks or tables, capable of holding from 700 to 1,000 printing-frames, the racks being provided with an arrange ment whereby they may be placed at an inclination so as to place each frame at right angles with the sun when it is de sirable to print in direct sunlight. The roof consists of a series of sliding skylights, which afford a covering in wet weather, but which are easily moved, so as to bring the printing-frames undei the light of the open sky when re quired. The stands or racks upon which the printing frames are arranged move on castors, and are readily wheeled into the open air or under cover, into sunlight or shade, as may be required. A capital arrangement for producing a graduated tint for skies is employed, in order to get rid of the unpleasing mass of white paper which surmounts the landscape printed from a negative taken on a bright cloudless day. It con sists of a series of horizontal grooves, the upper half of which is a piece of zinc or tinned iron, curved upwards so as to form a gradually widening aperture, something like this— The print is placed in the groove so as to protect the portion of the image already printed, the sky portion being exposed to the light in degree regu lated by the curved cover, and receives a graduated tint which diminishes greatly as it approaches the horizon of the landscape. As white skies are to Mr. England an abomina tion, and as it would be almost impossible to print a gradu ated tint on the large scale necessary, if every impression required carefully shading by hand, in the manner gene rally adopted, this arrangement for securing a graduated tint is found very valuable. On examining the frames exposed, we notice that a large number of the negatives have been manipulated in various ways to increase the pictorial effect of the prints, and we learn that Mr. England does not consider it any enormity to improve his negatives by any of the various methods which experience or ingenuity may suggest as giving value to the final result. Where a portion of the landscape prints through too rapidly, and so buries detail in the print, it is covered with a piece of tracing-paper, the edge of which is serrated so as not to make a hard line, and by printing in diff used light the production of an apparent line or edge is avoided. Sometimes the whole landscape is covered in this way, leaving the sky uncovered, that it may print through a little more perfectly than it could do if the other portion were not thus masked. Sometimes the sky is covered and the foreground uncovered; sometimes merely a piece of very deep foliage is thus protected ; but in all cases, with judg ment and care, and properly used, this delicate masking is found of great value in securing harmony in the picture. A large number of the negatives we saw in the course of printing had very effective clouds introduced into the skies, by a method which may prove useful to many of our readers. Mr. England has found the black-lead pencil retouching upon negatives, described some time ago in our pages, very useful for many purposes; but for strengthening clouds already indicated, or introducing them when none are visible, black-lead in the shape of powder is found most useful. This is applied with a stump, after the manner of crayon drawing, by which soft graduated edges to the clouds can be produced. The stumps used by Mr. England, and which seem most efficient, are made by tying pieces of sheet india- rubber over the end of a stick, stuffing with a little of some thing soft if necessary. The bite of the india-rubber makes the process of graduating the black-lead comparatively easy and simple. The negatives which have received this treat ment are chiefly those by the modified collodio-albumen process, the hard surface of the film affording ready facility for the application of the black-lead, which is protected from further rubbing by the varnish which is applied after wards. A characteristic feature of Mr. England’s establishment is found in the fact that every possible operation connected with the production of photographs is conducted on the pre mises. Collodion, albuminized paper, nitrate of silver, chloride of gold, &c., are all prepared in the establishment. A carpenter’s shop, fully equipped, furnishes facilities for making or modifying much of the apparatus. A very excellent furnace is employed to reduce all the residues and furnish the pure metals for preparing the salts of silver and gold required. We have before described Mr. England’s albuminized paper; suffice it to say now that the formul we stated some years ago is in use now. To each ounce of pure white of egg 5 grains of chloride of barium and 5 grains of chloride of ammonium are added, and the paper so prepared is found to give uniformly rich and brilliant prints. It should be noted that as the chloride of barium employed only con tains half as much chlorine as the ammonium salt, the Id grains of chloride employed are about equivalent to 7} grains of chloride of ammonium. The paper so prepared is excited on a 40-grain silver bath, in which, to every pint of water, 3 ounces of methylated spirit is added, which arrests discolouration of the bath and of the prepared paper. The paper is sensitized in whole sheets, about fifty of which are printed every day in cabinet or stereo pictures. The system of toning adopted has been employed without variation for many years, and is found to give excellent and certain results, either of a warm tint or a deep neutral black. Half an ounce of a saturated solution of bicarbonate of soda is added to 15 grains of chloride of gold and about three pints of water, the solution being used about an hour after it is mixed. As bicarbonate of soda is sparingly soluble, a saturated solution containing about 10 grains to the ounce, it will be seen that the toning bath is scarcely alkaline, containing not more than one-third of a grain of carbonate of soda to each grain of chloride of gold ; a proportion just sufficient to decompose the chloride and set up toning action without producing an alkaline condition.
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