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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 12.1868
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- 1868
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- Bandzählung
- No. 500, April 3, 1868
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The photographic news
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Band 12.1868
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Kapitel Preface III
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April 3, 1868.] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 163 PHOTOGRAPHY AS AN AID TO ARCHOLOGY. BY J. HENDERSON.* Ancuzorocy has been defined as “ the science of teaching history by its monuments ; that is, by every monument of man which the ravages of time have spared.” “ By the study of the past we advance the interest of the present, and know how to make use of it for the benefit of the future.” This being the case, the reproduction by means of photo graphy of objects of antiquity is one among the numerous applications of our art which is now receiving, as it deserves, no small share of attention. A great deal may be urged in favour of the readiness with which copies of various objects may be made by hand, of their cheapness, durability, and the ease with which they may be multiplied ; but againt these may be set the abso lute truthfulness which is inseparable from a photograph when taken under proper conditions ; the facility with which they also may be produced ; the great advantage of a stereo scopic combination of views; lastly, with regard to per manence, the carbon and allied processes, and greater care in the production of silver prints, point at least in this direction, while the simplicity of our own collodio-bromide process commends itself for yielding excellent glass trans parencies, which, when encased in Canada balsam, would seem to defy the ordinary wear and tear of time. My attention was first drawn to the subject of my paper by reading a letter in the Times in January last, wherein Mr. C. P. Stevens stated he had been enabled to form certain conclusions from photographs of flint implements from gravel pits at Malton, in reference to which a vexed question was raised. In a letter to me, from the Blackmoor Museum, Salisbury, that gentleman says: “I had a flint hatchet photographed yesterday; but for such objects photography is not very useful, as the yellows come out too dark.” “For matters of detail photography is admirably adapted, or for mere form. Our museum is set apart for pre-historic archeology, and for weapons, and so on, in use by modern savages, as illustrating the collection, and photographs of rare forms of clubs, spears, ornaments, tools, weapons, &c., are useful and valuable to us. We also collect photographs of the Aborigines of various countries, and for this nothing is equal to photography, because artistic licence is impossible.” “For dolinens and other megalithic structures photography is a magnificent agent; likewise for sculptured stones of the early periods. Of course I do not now allude to any appli cation of the art as available for other than purposes of archreology.” “ Our county archological societies employ photography largely in their work, and the Hampshire Society also. Some photographs of the Roman city of Silchester were taken during a recent visit of that Society to the spot." Many important historical monuments are in inaccessible positions, which the artist has to visit hurriedly, filling up subsequently the details of his imperfect sketches. 'This photography does effectually on the spot. Many objects of antiquarian interest are fragmentary, and form a mere por tion ; the probable outline of the whole has to be deduced ; others—such as cinerary urns, bones, and implements, and also Roman frescoes—when exposed after ages of interment, rapidly crumble in our atmosphere, and are lost for ever. A sketch is often attempted by a rude draughtsman, where a photograph would render invaluable aid. The character, date, and evident use of objects, as in the foregoing instances, are frequently determined by the situa tion and other circumstances under which they are found, and here our art is of great use. I have, on a former occasion, referred to “ architectural photography,” and now, in relation to the archmological part of the subject, I may add that, although the architect will learn more by making a careful sketch of an old building, yet you will very seldom find two sketches of the same sub- * Read before the Liverpool Amateur Photographic Association, March 31. ject which agree perfectly, while the time and skill necessary tocopy the endless intricacies of detail (say) in a Gothic build ing, would be better spent in taking a few photographs of the same. Photographs show the difference in the courses of masonry, which often determine relative dates. They also show the juncture of work of different periods and later insertions ; and in connection with this subject I may urge the desirability of photographing churches, &c., before and after restoration. As illustrating and adding force to what I have said, I may remind you of what has been done by our own Govern - ment, by public and other bodies, and by individuals who have employed photography for the purposes I have named. By command of Her Majesty, photo-zincography has been employed to reproduce in facsimile a selection of the national MSS. of England, from the Conquest to the reign of Queen Anne. Thus far, 230 have been published, to which the Domesday Book must be added. About 80 MSS. of Scotland are already in the hands of the public, and more of that country, and also Ireland, are to follow. By the same pro cess some municipal and other archives have likewise been copied. The Ordnance Survey of Stonehenge and of Turnsachau (I. of Lewis) is accompanied with illustrative photographs. In a communication received after the rest of my paper was written, Mr. C. J. Stevens, in speaking of the value of the Ordnance photographs of Stonehenge, refers to his re marks upon them in the Athen<eu.m, also to Mr. Parke’s photographic illustrations of the “ Antiquities of Wells,” and after enumerating photographs of Celtic and other relics (including those of the Swiss lake dwellings), he proceeds to say: “ The stone axe from Malton, and the beds from whence it was derived, are chiefly known to archologists by the published photographs of them ; ” and concludes thus : “ An artist is not necessarily an archaeologist, and he may slur over or misrepresent some trifling (to him) detail. I have a photograph of a church, with the village, cross, &c. ; upon the latter, even the chalk scribblings of boys are shown. No artist would have taken this ; but in a strange country and with all to learn about the antiquities and the people, such minuteness is invaluable.”* The India Office has published an important work with photographic illustrations: “ The Textile Marufactures and Costumes of the People of India ” ; and the Indian Govern ment has recently directed the whole of the ancient build ings of India to be photographed. The Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem has been the means of many valuable photographs being taken there, and the Hon. Secretary of the Palestine Exploration Fund also says : “ We have already materials for almost an entirely complete and accurate map of the country, and photographs of more than 300 spots and objects, large numbers of which have never before been taken.” There are catalogues of photographs of about 10,000 objects of antiquarian interest in South Kensington Museum, not to mention the numerous photographs taken of loan and other collections, and also at the British Museum. While making a passing allusion to the use made of photo graphy by our English and other Antiquarian Societies, I may mention that the Archaeological Society of Rome have proposed to photograph any antiquarian discoveries they make, and send copies to the Society of Antiquaries in London for publication. Ono account says: “Mr. J. H. Parker is proceeding with a collection of photographs of the ancient monuments of Rome and the Campagna, with a view to facilitate the researches of archeological students, and demonstrate the successive styles of Roman construction during the periods of the kings, the republic, and the empire.” At that date about 500 photographs had been so taken. The mysterious remains of Egypt have attracted the atten tion of photographers from the first. Frith was early in the field, and was followed by Bedford, who also illustrated * I am indebted to Mr. Stevens for the permission to use his remarks, which were not intended for publication.
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