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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- F 135
- Vorlage
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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- Public Domain Mark 1.0
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- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-188300004
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18830000
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- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18830000
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- Fotografie
- LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Parlamentsperiode
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1274, February 2, 1883
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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the the the the on- at- res, sei ¬ sed for the ■ of eci- on- ach on- aly- and h is iour dry our set into t or mce id I ities the om- suit e of ised pon ents iolu- , or r to ting tine sue. the rest, e of d of may r the the thus tead i of been mall lead nple nby the >ller, siple aght ition self' nary ding ayer on a ’> 01 stive i the ,x or ance the id to fortd ■ tb« bee# ving itb« eria- 75 (which in this case must be infusible at the temperature at which the picture is developed) spread upon a transparent support of glass, and, when dry, I print through the glass by means of the camera, or by parallel rays, or by rays proceeding from a luminous point, and I develop the picture upon the glass as a temporary support. Or I place the layer or film of wax or similar substance upon the negative itself, and after exposure I develop it upon the negative, and transfer to a permanent support in the usual way. And here I would have it understood that I do not claim this mode of operating with the sensitive compound upon the negative or glass support, except so far as regards the intervening film of wax, which enables me to transfer the developed picture from the negative or other temporary glass support to its final support of paper or other material. 3. My third improvement consists of the substitution .of resinous and other substances which may be rendered soluble in water but which become insoluble when dry for cementing the pigment picture to its permanent support in place of the sub stances hitherto used for this purpose, such as albumen or gela tine rendered only partially insoluble. The substances I prefer are colophony or pine resin, shellac, or their analogues dissolved in water, to which caustic ammonia, or other substance having the like solvent property has been added. The new cements may be used either spread upon paper and brought in contact with the wetted tissue, or the paper and tissue may be moistened with water, and then brought together in a solution of the cement, so as to expel air-bubbles, and bring the two surfaces into contact with a thin layer of the cement between them, as described by Swan in the YEAR-BooK, 1868, in respect to acompound of gela tine and chrome alum. When dry, the adhesion is complete, and the mounted tissue may be developed as usual. I have assumed paper to be the permanent support, but other surfaces may be so employed, as glass, porcelain, or prepared canvas; and when glass is used as the permanent support, it is obvious that the pic tures are not reversed when seen through the glass either as trans parencies, or with a white backing behind them. 4. My fourth improvement consists of a new mode of obtaining photographic images in pigmented gelatine or its anologue upon plates of metal, glass, or other substance impermeable to water, which plates may be used either as permanent or tempo rary supports, dispensing in the latter case with the india- rubber paper heretofore used for this purpose. This improve ment is based upon the observation that if the support be imperme able to water, and the tissue be well exposed, no cementing material is necessary to effect the adhesion necessary for mounting the tissue upon its support, all that is necessary being the perfect exclusion of air between the moistened surface of the tissue im pressed by light and the impermeable surface to receive the pic ture as its support. I effect this by wetting the tissue and laying it upon the metal or other surface, and sponging or rubbing the back of the printed tissue, so as to drive out air with the super fluous moisture, as in mounting a print upon card. To effect perfect and permanent adhesion the surface of the glass or metal forming the supports must be chemically clean, particularly when such surface is polished. To avoid the necessity of thus cleaning the surface, I occasionally cover the surface with a very thm layer of plain collodion, using for this purpose a collodion containing about one or two grains of cotton to the ounce of ether and alcohol forming the solvent. When the collodion is set, but not dry, I plunge it into water to wash off the solvents until the greasy appearance has ceased. I then lay upon the plate thus prepared the wetted tissue. When the picture is completed, it adheres to the glass with great tenacity, by surface adhesion only, even if such glass had had a slightly greasy or otherwise impure surface. Pictures thus mounted on glass or metal as the perma nent support may not only be used as pleasing pictures, but can be employed in various processes as a model or pattern to obtain casts or impressions either by means of pressure by the electro type process or by casting. The hardened gelatine picture, either negative or positive, on a plate of zinc, copper, or steel may be also used as a resist, which enables us to etch the plate, or to gild it for the purpose of etching it subsequently, with the object of producing a plate in intaglio or relief for the purpose of printing therefrom. When the plates of metal, glass, or other imperme able substance are used as temporary supports, such plates must have received some slight smear or coating of wax or other fatty body to prevent the absolute adhesion of the picture film. Instead of wax alone I find equal parts of wax and yellow resin dissolved in turpentine to give the best smearing compound. This is rubbed over the plate, and immediately rubbed off again with a piece of clean flannel, leaving only a very thin coating. When polished glass plates are used as the support instead of the wax and resin, I prefer to use a coating of the thin collodion already described to prevent the adhesion ; but, in this case, the collodion coating must be allowed to dry before immersion in water. The film so formed then readily leaves the glass attached to the print, which retains the polish of the temporary support. Plates thus prepared allow of pigment gelatine images being formed on their surface not only by development in the way described, but indirectly, by employing the image formed by development as a model or pattern for obtaining a mould from which other and similar gelatine images are obtained by casting ; and images thus formed may equally be transferred to paper in the way described. The nature of the surface of the support will determine the resulting surfaces of the gelatine images. A polished surface will give a polished surface to the print. If a matt or grain surface be required, the support must be grained or tooled to give that surface. The gelatine image may be transferred to paper while in the wet state by bringing into contact with it a piece of paper coated with gelatine or other analogous substance ; or, which is preferable, the image may be allowed to dry upon its support, and the prepared paper soaked in water may be laid upon it, air being carefully excluded. Or the resinous cements already referred to in my third improve ment may be used, giving to the dried image coating of the shellac solution, and to the paper a similar coating, and then bringing the two wet surfaces together. I also transfer the print from its temporary support to a sheet of imitation ivory, as in the so-called eburneum process, or to a sheet of imitation porcelain or marble formed of plaster or other plastic substance. When the print is required to be mounted upon a fabric, 1 take fine muslin or other porous fabric, and, after wetting it, I lay it over the print upon its temporary support, and I spread over the muslin or fabric any of the before-mentioned cements mixed with whiting or other pigment. This compound penetrates to the surface of the print, thoroughly expelling air, and, when dry, perfect contact is effected. The muslin or fabric can then be lined with canvas, as is well understood. If the picture be very large, and be formed of several negatives, I mount the several parts upon paper or other flexible support, either coated with india-rubber as already practiced, or, as above described, I cut out the several parts, wet them, and lay them down well matched upon a drawing board, and I then proceed to mount them upon— or,rather, under—the muslin or fabric as already said. 1 claim as my invention under this fourth head of my improve ments.— First. The formation of the mounting of the gelatine image formed as described upon a sheet of glass, metal, or other im permeable surface, serving as the permanent support, without the intervention of any cementing material to be used as pictures or as models, moulds for producing engraved plates, or otherwise. Second. The mode of transferring images of gelatine mounted upon the surface of plates of glass or metal from such surface (serving as a temporary support), to the surface of paper or the like material, by means of an intervening film of wax or other substance having the like properties. 5. My fifth improvement consists in another mode of trans ferring the picture in one or many parts, from its temporary to its permanent support, for the purpose of being painted upon in oil or being varnished. I mount the picture in this case upon paper rendered transparent by wax, paraffin, or any fatty matters not fusible at the temperature used for developing the gelatine pigment prints. When the developed print is quite dry, I var nish the surface of the permanent support which is to receive it, such as wood, panel, or oil canvas. I varnish also the face of the picture, and if of several parts, I carefully match these. The two varnished surfaces, when nearly dry, are then rubbed down together, and when in perfect contact, the back of the waxed paper is wanned, and then leaves the pigment film perfectly attached to the panel or canvas. Before the picture is trans ferred, it may be tinted or painted ; and if painted with opaque colour, it may be laid over another picture, without the latter being seen. Thus I form composition pictures by laying down a landscape background, for example, upon the canvas, and upon it I place figures trimmed to their contours, and which have re ceived a coating of white or coloured opaque varnish at the back. These, then, show as perfect forms without the landscape or other background interfering ; and as the gelatine film is extremely thin, the superposition is not visible. Patent Void, through Non-payment of Duties. 185. Leon WARNERKE, of Champion Hill, in the county of Surrey, for an invention of " New or improved means of and
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