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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1316, November 23, 1883
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The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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lount icond more and per- Tints a the ‘hilst rgins i first f the y be edle each ed in hem. face way f the . It > two sible ed as now may rrect fore, rint i, be yond hot glass gain, :t on h we kled • this 1 hot unt- . It time and roll- into, ting, it of th a rint. ifine :h is acks are ing- 7 be lean i it, LlltS. VE ion for of the of paper a hundred yards in length, so we will not go further into the matter of rollers just now, but rather content our selves with sizes up to 20 by 24. For this purpose a few wooden frames should be procured, say half-a-dozen of each size, which it has been decided upon to work ; let the laths forming the frame be planed and flat, so that they shall lie fairly level when placed on a large sheet of glass or marble. The dimensions of the laths may be an inch wide, of the same thickness, and the necessary length. Join up and cut off one corner of each frame, thus enabling the paper to be formed into a lip for pouring off the excess. These extemporized dishes should be conveniently arranged on a properly levelled bench, and are then ready for the operation of coating paper with the sensitive mixture. Any good emulsion will answer, provided it is fairly rich in silver bromide, and it matters little by which formula it is made, so long as it is not too rapid. Very rapid emulsions do not yield such good results on paper as those made to work slower, and it is as well to remember that drop-shutter exposures are not required or at all desirable for the purposes of positive printing. Assuming the emulsion to be suitable, and it has passed through the routine of washing and filtration in the usual manner, warm up to the same temperature as for plate coating while the emulsion is re-melting ; place as many sheets of paper (previously covered with substratum, as described in our last article) as there are frames into a dish of cold water. After soaking a few minutes, with draw the sheets, drain off the superfluous water, and lay each over its respective frame face uppermost; press the paper evenly down on the glass plate, turning the edges up against the wooden frame, thus obtaining a paper dish with a fairly flat surface, having a lip at one corner for quickly pouring off the excess. The size above mentioned, 20 by 24, would require something like five ounces of emulsion—more or less—according to the tem perature at which it is applied ; but in any case, an ample quantity should be employed. Thus it would be found more convenient to use a vessel containing eight or even ten ounces for the size in question, than just the bare quantity. Pour the emulsion quickly on the paper-dish, give it a slight tilt to ensure a perfect covering, then quickly pour off the surplus into a smaller vessel, leaving the remainder to set on a level bench ; proceed with the next in like manner until at least half a dozen sheets have been coated, when the first may be taken off its support, and suspended by American clips, or on laths, as in the drying of albumenized paper. One by one these sheets may be removed from their supports to the drying-room ; another six being soaked, pressed down on the frames, and coated in like manner, and the operation repeated as often as needed, or so long as there is any more paper to coat. The conditions of a drying-room are precisely the same as for plates; a good current of dry air should circulate between the sheets, and if artificial means be resorted to, the paper will generally dry in eight to twelve hours. The time occupied in drying will be found to vary very much with the changes in the atmosphere ; sometimes paper coated in the evening will be perfectly dry the next morning without using any kind of heating arrangement. We recommend the adoption of two different sized vessels in coating any particular sized sheet: thus, if a given quantity is always poured on, and another given quantity always removed as excess in every case, each sheet would be uniformly coated, a matter of immense importance if the final results are to be equal. To measure such a quantity by means of a graduate is scarcely practicable, when we consider the dim light we are necessarily compelled to employ ; for this reason it will be found much handier to use vessels of known quantity, filling them in each case. When the paper is dry, it is | ready for immediate use, or may be stored either by rolling or packing bet ween pressure-boards in a dry place, suit ¬ ably protected from actinic light. Under these conditions the paper will keep well; but if stored in a damp place very long, insensitive circular spots invariably make their ap pearance. In our next we shall deal with enlarging and contact printing. PHOTO-BLOCK PRINTING FROM NATURE. THE RECENT REVIVAL OF PHIOTOTYPIC PROCESSES. Those who have followed the progress of photography during the past year must have been struck with the notable advance made in the commercial application of photographic block printing methods during the past year ; and it will be remembered that in our notice of the Brussels Exhibition (page 531), we referred to the notable advance in block work (Meisenbach and Rousselon) as being one of the most characteristic features noticable on the occasion. When any branch of industry shows signs of acquiring increased commercial importance, it may generally be seen that numerous patents bearing upon it are taken out; and there has been no exception to this rule with regard to block methods. It would interest our readers but little if we were to laboriously sift the modicum of wheat from the mass of chaff contained in the recent series of patents ; but it is interesting to carefully examine that patent which may be regarded as the “ Mother Patent ” of the present series ; that of Meisenbach, No. 2156, 1882, and we printed the specification of this in November of last year (p. 682). The patentee details one form of the well-known "net- woik method” of breaking up the half-tone of a negative into a grain or stipple, and merely claims the shifting of the network during the exposure so as to ensure a more plastic appearance of the printing block. Herr Meisen bach does not make the common mistake of concealing his process by a mass of unmeaning verbiage, or the still more ordinary one of claiming an exclusive right to methods quite well known to experts. The essential part of the specification is worded thus In. order to produce a typographic block, the method to be employed is as follows :—A transparent plate is hatched or stippled in parallel lines. A transparent positive is made of the object. The two plates are joined, preferably face to face. From the combined plates a definite negative is photographed in the ordinary manner. In order to cross-hatch and break the lines of the shading for obtaining a more plastic appearance Of the print ings made from the typographic or other block, the hatched or stippled plate is shifted or moved once or more during the produc tion of the said definite negative. This negative is transferred in the usual manner on to a plate of suitable material, which is graved or etched in the usual manner to form a typographic block. For the engraving plates the negative is transformed into a positive, and the latter is transferred on to the etching plate in the usual manner. 1he negative produced from the combined plate may also be used for the production of photo graphs and photo-lithographic plates. Both the object and the hatching or stippling may be produced photographically on one and the same plate, in place of using two separate plates, and this plate used direct for the production of an engraved plate. On the other hand, when typographic blocks, (photographic or photo-lithographic plates, and the like are required, a negative must be made for transfer. To obtain cross-hatched or broken shading, its original is moved during photography. Having thus described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same is to be carried out in practice, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim broadly the manufacture of typographic or other blocks by means of photographic plates, nor do 1 claim the use of a transparent plate with hatched lines in such manufacture, but what I claim and wish to secure by letters patent is :— The one or more times exerted moving or shifting of the hatched plate on the photographic negative or positive plate during the production of the definite negative or positive, from which afterwards the typographic or other printing block is made, as and for the purposes set forth. Not only is the patent of Meisenbach the first of the recent series, but we believe that his blocks have been the
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