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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18830000
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1315, November 16, 1883
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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November 16, 1883. J THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS 727 or} of a second—i.e., of a complete revolution—and these points, acting upon two pneumatic bellows, cause the shutter to expose for any desired time. The apparatus is ingenious, but necessitates the use of a double shutter, and is not fitted for extremely rapid exposures. The idea of divisions of time being marked on a cylinder is very good. Leon Vidal. ABOUT LONDON WITH A CAMERA. BY W. COBB. A ten by eight camera with lens and quick shutter, with its sombre covering of velvet, made me a marked man as I moved about the metropolis. I often suspected that my proceedings were watched, and I often fancied that a plain clothes detective was within reach of me; moreover, as my base of operations was transferred from omnibus knife- board to a refuge island in the flood of London street life, I noticed the same fashionably-dressed gentleman with his back to me. After 1 had secured the Royal Exchange from the top of an omnibus, I alighted and proceeded to attach my apparatus to the Bank railings, in order to se cure a picture from another point of view ; but ’ere the preliminary adjustments had been made, I found my right wrist firmly but not roughly grasped, while another hand rested upon my camera, which at this time was fairly en veloped in its black covering. “ Excuse me,” saida polite gentlemanly individual, “ I am a constable, and should like just to see what you have here. No, don’t remon strate ; we do not want a crowd to gather. Your goods are now in my hands, and you can tell me all about it— indeed, I think we had better go over yonder—Oh, no ; I would rather you went first 1 ” We crossed over to the vacant plot behind the place where the flower girls are located, and after I had handed my card to the polite gentleman, I showed him the Bank, roof downwards, on the ground glass, and he was satisfied. He remained with me for some time, and helped me materially in my work. It must be remembered that I take no tripod for my City work, but trust to strapping my apparatus to some conve nient object; hence the most characteristically distinguish ing point of the out-door photographic practitioner is wanting. " Waterloo-pier ” was a comparatively easy picture to take, for there was less bustle here than in the city. o A FERROUS OXALATE DEVELOPER. BY NOBMAN MACBETH, R.S.A.* For the successful rendering of landscape subjects it is neces sary to have a reliable developer and a good sky shade. In another paper I have described the improved shade used with so much success by my friend Mr. John Parker, of Glasgow. At present I wish to draw the attention of photographers, and especially of amateurs, to the properties of a developer of the ferrous oxalate kind. Mons. E. Audra, of Paris, shows that a developer of ferrous oxalate, in combination with tartaric acid, after being used, will recover all its virtue on being exposed to the sunlight, and be usable again to the very last drop. I have made use of this developer occasionally during the last two months, and in pre paring it employed— Water (distilled) 10 ounces Proto-sulphate iron 3 ounces Tartaric acid .. ... 48 grains These are, as nearly as possible, the proportions recommended by M. Audra. I had previously made up 2.0 ounces of a saturated solution of oxalate of potash. Having filtered both solutions through blotting-paper, I made up the developer of the usual proportions—three of oxalate potash to one of the proto-sulphate of iron and tartaric acid. • A communication to the Edinburgh Photographic Society, With a view to test its action on a half-plate which had been instantaneously exposed (but with full aperture), I immersed the plate in a flat tray of common water; then poured off the water, and laid the plate in. To twelve drams of the oxalate solution which I placed in the measure I added two drams of the iron, and poured it rapidly over the surface, using a flat camel hair brush to prevent air-bells. These, however, are less likely to occur with ferrous oxalate than with pyro and ammonia. At no time have I used bromide to restrain, but I always took the precaution of retaining half of the iron solution, i.e., two drams to be added at the close of development. Two ounces of the combined solution were thus employed for each plate. The action commenced in about fifteen seconds, and gradually increased for about ten minutes, when it was apparent that the plate had been sufficiently exposed. Of course, subjects of open scenery, such as sea coast views, ships at sea, waves, and sky effects, require much less exposure than closed-in subjects, such as glens, large trees, and places where foliage predominates, and which require considerable exposure even to very sensitive plates. I know of no developer which more beautifully brings out cloud effects than that of M. Audra’s. After having used about ten ounces of the combined solutions, I poured it into a large bottle, and added a few grains of tartaric acid. I then exposed it to the light, in a position that insured the sun’s shining upon it at some period of the day. This is of the. utmost importance, as it is to the action of the sun’s rays that the vigour which it regains is to be chiefly attributed. At the end of the two months during which I used the developer it was as effective as at the beginning. No doubt it may be objected to this developer that its action is very slow. This is quite true, but the difficulty may be overcome by using several baths, and thus developing more plates than one at the same time. I would strongly recommend the use of the old upright bath, especially those made of glass. It is not necessary to wet the plates in the first instance ; it is quite sufficient to slide them into the bath with the dipper. They must occasionally be drawn up, that one may watch progress, and prevent anything settling on their surfaces. This, however, is not so likely to occur as when one is using the pyro developer. Every particle of light in shadows is taken up by M. Audra's developer in a very remarkable manner, if there has been full exposure, and the shadows are exceedingly soft, especially under full aperture of a good lens. I have once or twice been obliged to leave the plate in the bath, and open the door of the developing room; no harm was done to the plate, however, although clear light came in before I could shut the door. This, I believe, was due to the fact that the developing solution was very dark and dense. At the same time, it would be prudent to slip a thick brown paper cover over the bath in similar circumstances. I have had plates which were apparently under-exposed by the length of time which elapsed before development was hopeful. This, however, was owing to the tedious action of the developer when the subject happened to have been taken in a dark glen, or the interior of a dark church. Retaining such plates fully half an hour in the bath, they not unfrequently come out good negatives. One of the greatest difficulties, as we all know, is to determine the amount of time required for such subjects. There is comparatively no un certainty with good light, for, with such, any make of gelatine plate may meet. But in obscure places one loses calculation, the degrees vary so much. While we endeavour to expose the plate to its full requirement of time, yet we must guard against over- exposure as well as under-exposure—the negative, when com pleted, is not robust in either case. Still in my experience, over exposed plates suffer less by this kind of ferrous oxalate developer than what they do when developed with pyro and ammonia. The great superiority of this developer over others lies in its compara tive freedom from fogging, giving great clearness to the shadows, and consequently producing a rapid printing negative. The question has been frequently asked, which of the two developers, the pyro or the ferrous oxalate, is to be preferred ? Well, very much depends on circumstances. I do not think it suitable for the professional photographer, when time is a consideration to both himself and the party waiting ; but to the amateur, and especially to those working chiefly in landscape subjects, the ferrous oxalate unquestionably is to be preferred. Having two or three baths, he can easily get through half a dozen plates in an evening. There is no kind of developer which is so free of dimness in the shadows ; hence, if the plate be under-exposed, and thin in development, it is better fitted to be intensified than what such a plate would be when developed with pyro. This is
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