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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1273, January 26, 1883
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The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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52 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [JANUARY 26, 1883. grand pictures to which we have referred are put into the studio reception room more for the purpose of furnishing it, or providing the visitor with something to look at, and that if he wishes, he can ask their price, and if not, he can walk downstairs without another word. All this we are cognisant of, j ust as much as we know that it is absolutely necessary to put your wares before a stranger, if he is to see them at all. But our point is, that the small portraits are ignored in the anxiety of the photographer to put forth his most costly work ; and this step acts not unseldom prejudicially upon the customer. It is the lesser, not the greater, that should be employed to attract the customer when he first enters the apartment; this is by far the surest way to win his confidence, and, when the end is obtained, you can easily keep it. An apt instance of this, within our own intimate knowledge, we will recite before concluding. In Geneva, two years ago, that town of the golden fleece (so far as the British tourist is concerned), we accompanied two ladies down the Rue de Rhone. They desired to spend a few francs in Swiss carvings prior to their departure, and with this purpose we entered a very grand and attractive shop in that busy thoroughfare. There were some of those well-known toy chalets in the window, with quaintly-carved balconies and overhanging roofs, and we asked at the counter for a few specimens to look at. The attendant went her way, and returned presently with a handful of little houses, but rather smaller than those which had attracted our attention. They were, indeed, too small for us; but what was the price ? “ Ten centimes a-piece,” was the reply ; “ but these larger ones are thirty, and these others fifty.” To say that our party was astounded, was but faintly to express our ideas. One penny 1 three-pence! and five-pence! Why, we could have purchased the whole shopful of articles with the sum we intended to spend! Instead of being on our guard in the matter of expenditure, it became a question how we could possibly spend all our money. However, in the end, we found no difficulty in the matter; and six months afterwards an English bank note was sent over to that same shopkeeper with the request that he would forward a curiously-carved poodle dog umbrella-stand, which had taken the fancy of one of the ladies while she was looking at one of the ten-centime chalets. NOTES ON PHOTOGRAPHY. BY E. HOWARD FARMER. Lecture IX.—The Gelatine Process—Continued. Preparation of Bromo-Iodide Emulsion and Plates.* Weigh out on clean pieces of paper the following materials 1. Potassium iodide 5 grains 2. Potassium bromide ... ... 135 „ 3. Nelson’s No. 1 photo, gelatine... 30 „ 4. Silver nitrate ... 175 „ 5. Autotype gelatine ... ... 180 ,, Or, Nelson’s No. 1 photo, gelatine ... 120 grains Heinrich’s do. do. ... ... 60 ,, The potassium iodide and bromide should be pure samples, and the silver nitrate re-crystallized. Dissolve No. 1 in I drachm of water in a small test-tube, and No. 2 in 1} ounces of water in a beaker capable of hold ing about 20 ounces. No. 3 is first rinsed with water, and then placed in the bromide No. 2 solution to swell. Place No. 4 in Captain Abney’s spray apparatus, and dissolve in 14 ounces of distilled water. No. 5, after being rinsed, is allowed to swell in 2 ounces of water. No. 3, having soaked in the bromide solution for about ten minutes, plunge the beaker into hot water so as to dissolve the gela tine, and add 1 drop of strong hydrochloric acid ; then take it and the silver solution in the spray apparatus into the * “Photography with Emulsions” (Captain Abney). dark-room, and heat both in the water-bath to a temperature that can just be borne by the hand without inconvenience (about 150° F) ; now, holding the beaker in the right hand, and swirling its contents round, or stirring well with a glass rod, blow in the contents of the spray apparatus until about half is added, then add drop by drop the iodide (No. 1) solution, and proceed again with the silver solution ; when all is added, rinse out the apparatus with a little distilled water, and also add ; finally, tranfer to a 20-ounce flask or bottle, and give a thorough shaking for two minutes. The emulsion should now be carefully examined to see if the mixing operation has been snccessful ; for this purpose, a little of it is poured on a glass plate and examined by a candle or gas flame. By transmitted light in thin films, it should appear an orange, and in thicker films, a beautiful ruby red colour ; if it is so, the beaker in which the mixing took place should next be taken out into the light and examined, when it will at once be seen whether the whole of the silver bromide is in the orange condition. If the diainings round the sides are uniformly of this colour, the mixing has been perfectly suc cessful ; if, on the other hand, some parts are perceptibly coarser, or grit is visible, it has only been partially success ful, and the emulsion will suffer in quality ; finally, should the colour transmitted be grey Or blue, the boiling should be omitted, as it will not increase the sensitiveness, and may produce fog; an emulsion which is blue after mixing is many times more sensitive than one which is red, but not so sensitive or of such good quality as that obtained by boiling the red emulsion. Supposing the mixing to be successful, the next operation is to place the flask or bottle containing the emulsion in a saucepan containing water, and heating until the water boils. After the water has been brought to the boiling point, the emulsion is kept at this temperature for forty-five minutes, being shaken occasionally at intervals for half a minute or so. The boiling should take place without the cork being left in the vessel, to allow of egress of steam, or a cork with a slot in it should be used. After boiling, a little of the emulsion should again be put on a glass plate and examined by transmitted light, and should appear of a grey or violet tint; if not, the boiling should continue until this is the case. The flask is now withdrawn from the saucepan, and cooled by immersion in water to between 70° and 80° F.; the gelatine No. 5, which has meanwhile been melted in the two ounces of water, and also cooled to between 70° and 80°F., is now added, and thoroughly incorporated by shaking with the emulsified bromide, and the emulsion is poured out into a flat porcelain dish and allowed to set. When thoroughly set—the test being that it should not tear with a moderate pressure of the finger—the emulsion is scraped off the dish with a strip of clean glass, and placed in a piece of coarse canvas (having a mesh, if possible, not less than one-eighth of an inch) which has been previously boiled in hot water to get rid of any grease or dirt. The emulsion is twisted up into a ball in this, immersed in water in a basin, and by a gentle pressure squeezed through the meshes into the exter nal water, when most of the soluble salts are at Once extracted; the threads of emulsion are then again placed in the canvas, and after being well doused with water from a tap or jug, again squeezed through the meshes into fresh water. After another sluicing it is left at the bottom of the basin, and the water changed two or three times, when the emulsion may be considered as washed. When this is the case, the threads of emulsion are placed on the canvas stretched across a basin, and allowed to drain for about two hours ; it is then transferred to a clean jar or jam pot, and placed in hot water to re-dissolve ; a temperature of 120° F. or more may be given it with advantage. It should be noted, before re-dissolving, that the emulsion is firm and free from sloppiness ; if it is not so, two ounces of alcohol should be poured through, which will take up the excess of water. Half a grain of chrome alum dissolved in a drachm of water is then stirred in, and if alcohol has not been employed in
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