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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1304, August 31, 1883
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titel
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556 PHOTOGRAPHC NWS. [August 31, 1883. ment by printing in a sky. The "DomBild," and Loch ner’s other pictures — indeed, many of the paintings exhibited in the Museum—can be had in photo-transcript at modest prices, as also interiors of most of the churches, including the dry bones and relics of St. Gereon and St. Ursula. Portraiture of the best character is undertaken by Carl Westendarp, of 7, Comodienstrasse, who exhibits a handsome collection of whole plates, panels, and enlarge ments ; whilst Fritz Heinz, near the Artillery Barracks, shows a nice lot of very clever portrait groups—students, cooks, and military corps detachments, with genre acces sories and suitable backgrounds. At Bonn, I heard that there had been lately exhibited a sensational photograph illustrative of the still fashionable practice of duelling, showing in detail the arrangement of the combatants and their witnesses, with surgeons in attendance. The names of Jean Reuss and Muller (portraitists) and J. Westhoven (ditto) were appended to specimens of very good average work at their studios opposite the University. G. Becker, of Kiinigswinter, has some carte and cabinet Rhine views ; but I did not see amongst them any of the Drachenfels railway. At Bingen, I met with a special feature of more than local interest in the series of views taken by F. B. Hilsdorf during the prevalence of last winter’s inundations. There are to be seen boats in the streets and railway station, planks and temporary causeways erected for the con venience of the townspeople, wharfs flooded, and basement flats all but submerged. The Great National Memorial (figure of Germania) erected on the Niederwald, opposite Bingen, comes in for its full share of pictorial representation, but as the photographs already show it in its finished state, whilst as yet there is scaffolding around, we must assume that they have been taken from the architect’s model. It is approaching completion, and will be unveiled by the Emperor on the 28th September. Wiesbaden may be said to be the head-quarters of photo graphy on the Rhine. L. W. Kurtz has lately removed into handsome new premises at 2, Friedrichstrasse, where, on pediments in the front elevation, stand full-length statues of Talbot and Daguerre, remarkably well executed. The portrait enlargements and general work of Herr Kurtz are of first-class excellence, and he makes a good show in the town. The same remark is applicable to the exhibits of Carl Borntraeger, in the Taunusstrasse, who shows as a novelty a series of railway car portrait groups, including many members of the Prussian Royal family. Rhein- staedter, of Frankfort and Wiesbaden, also has good work of all kinds—panel portraits, &c.—in his show-case. Lastly, it may be noted that the best views of Rhine scenery, with natural skies and instantaneous effects, are now those of Mondel and Jacob. They have also taken the celebrated Greek Chapel, the Kurhaus, the Synagogue, the Catholic Church, and the new red brick Episcopalian Church (with lofty spires), which constitute the most conspicuous buildings in this beautiful town. & 2 ictionarg of Photography. AFTER EXPOSURE AND PRE-EXPOSURE.—It has fre quently been asserted that the time of exposure may be very con siderably shortened, not only in the case of wet plates, but also in the case of gelatino-bromide plates and albumenized paper, by a general exposure of the sensitive surface to light, either before the photographic image is impressed, or afterwards. Some recom mend white light, and others coloured light; butialthough it seems that the general exposure occasionally brings out details which would not otherwise have appeared, there is reason to believe that this is ordinarily at the expense of other good qualities of the resulting negative. Levitzski is of opinion that the total time of exposure is con siderably diminished by a preliminary “knock” or short expo sure followed by a rest. He contends that in ordinary cases, a preliminary “ knock " of one second followed by a rest, and a main exposure of five or six seconds, is equal to a single exposure of ten seconds. Mr. W. E. Debenham says that by pre-exposing a slow gelatine plate, he has been able to obtain a sensitometer indication which corresponded to no less than sixteen times the original sensitiveness; but this grain was not real, as such a plate gave a far worse picture than it would have done had no pre exposure been given. He concludes from these results that sensitometer observations have but little value, unless a medium number is taken as the standard of comparison. Mr. Ashman’s experience leads him to conclude, that in the case of wet collodion at least, it is far better to give a supplementary exposure than a preliminary exposure ; and by carefully adjusting this supplementary exposure it is possible to reduce the main exposure to one-fourth or even one-fifth. Dr. Richard says:—“ If we compare two equally exposed negatives, to one of which an after-exposure has been given, we shall notice startling differences between the two : one will be a thoroughly good negative of great intensity. “The short exposure which the plate receives during the sitting is intensified by the after-exposure, so as to yield a good negative]; but this after exposure should never exceed three-fifths of the whole exposure. What is meant is, that if to obtain a good negative in the ordinary way five seconds are required, then three seconds of the whole may be given by after-exposure. “ It is conceivable, if the after-exposure has not been carefully made, and in a proper ratio to the first exposure, that a fogged plate will be inevitable. A second after-exposure is not permissible. “ In this way, with the help of after-exposure, we can increase the exposure of two seconds toone of five seconds, which, in good light, is sufficient as a rule. This method gives more perfect negatives than when they are taken in the ordinary way. The action of light on a simply developed picture gives the necessary intensity when fixed.” The after-exposure may be given either by exposing the plate to feeble gas-light or dim daylight, or by covering the lens with a cap of tissue paper (either white or coloured) and allowing the light to reach the plate through this medium. Such a method is convenient, as it generally involves less loss of time than the former. Some photographers prefer to use an ordinary diaphragm, having the opening covered with paper. Experience alone can guide as to the extent to which the supplementary exposure may advantageously be carried. ALABASTRINE OR PEARL PROCESS.—A method of whitening a collodion positive on glass or a ferrotype, and by which extremely beautiful results may be obtained. The active ingredient of the alabastrine solution is mercuric chloride or corro sive sublimate, and if the solution is allowed to act for a sufficient length of time, alabastrine pictures appear to be remarkably permanent. The following directions are taken from an early volume of the PHOTOGRAPHIC News. After having fixed the positive and tho roughly washed away all traces of potassium cyanide with cold water, the picture should be placed in warm water for a few minutes. It is now cooled by immersion in cold water, and put on a levelling stand, when it is flooded with the following solution— Distilled or rain water 1 ounce Saturated solution of mercuric chloride in hydrochloric acid 12 minims Ferreus sulphate 20 grains Nitrate of potash 12 „ Alcohol } drachm In about ten minutes the image will be whitened ; but in order to ensure the permanence of the picture, it is well to pour off the solution and replace it by a fresh portion, allowing this to act for about the same time. A third treatment is advisable. The plate should now be thoroughly washed, dried, and varnished with a varnish composed of 30 grains of gum-dammar to an ounce of benzole. ALBERTYPE.—See Collotype. SOLID AND LIQUID ILLUMINATING AGENTS. BY LEOPOLD FIELD, F.C.S.* To make the little Christmas tapers and wax spills, a method called “ drawing ” is employed. Here the wick is wound off one drum on to another. In its passage it passes through a basin of melted wax, coloured with pigment, leaving which, it passes * Continued from page 543.
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