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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
- Sprache
- Englisch
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- F 135
- Vorlage
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-188300004
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18830000
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- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18830000
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1304, August 31, 1883
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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550 IHE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [Avgust 31, 1883. The stone is well washed, and is then ready for printing. It is better not to remove the transfer ink with turpentine before rolling in with printers’ ink. The foregoing processes all have the defect that the printing ink is not in direct contact with the stone, but separated from it by a film of colloid material, which is very liable to be worn away and damaged in process of printing. In the early days of photo-lithography several operators tried to overcome this by the use of processes in which the design was left bare and open to the application of soap or other greasy material. The best known of these processes is that patented by Messrs. Cutting and Bradford, and very good results seem to have been obtained from it; but, so far as I know, it has never come into any extended use. A lithographic stone or zinc plate is coated in the dark with a solution composed of— Sugar 160 grains Bichromate of potash 160 „ Gum-arabic 4 ounces Water ... ... 40 ,, When dry, it is exposed to light under a positive. It is then washed with a solution of soap, which, while removing the soluble gum from the lines of the design, enters into combination with the stone, forming an insoluble soap ; while the insoluble gum in the parts where the light has acted protects those parts from the action of the soap. The stone is then well washed with acidulated water to remove the gum, and inked-in with the printing roller, which deposits ink only on the parts where the soap has pene trated the stone. The process is said to be applicable to line or half-tone subjects, the stone in the latter case being grained. In another modification of the same process—patented by Messrs. Bolton and Matheson—the stone is first thoroughly well washed with water to remove all soluble gum, then dried, and coated with a solution of soap in turpentine; and when this is dry, washed again to remove the soapy coating from the parts where there is still insoluble gum; then treated with a solution of bichromate of potash to decom pose the soap, washed again, and finally inked-in. These direct processes have now been superseded for line work by the transfer methods, and for half-tones by collo type, and it is doubtful whether they will ever come into use again to any extent. Still, they have peculiar advan tages in simplicity and economy, and a good direct process on thin zinc plates would really be very valuable. One of the greatest practical objections to the direct processes is the difficulty of obtaining perfect contact between glass negatives and the stone or plate. This may be obviated by using a film negative, kept in close contact with the sensi tive surface by means of india-rubber solution. In collotype printing I have found it answer to wax the sensitive gelatine surface, and then squeegee a film negative on to it in a bath of spirit of wine ; but it is sometimes diffi cult to remove the films afterwards without tearing them. (To be continued.) SELLING AND BUYING PHOTOGRAPHIC BUSINESSES. BY C. BRANGWIN BARNES. In buying or selling a photographic business, many items have to be taken under thoughtful consideration, and in some cases subjected to careful scrutiny, before any defi nite decision can be arrived at as to the fair and proper value of the practice. It is naturally to the interest of the seller to obtain as high a price as possible for the business of which he is disposing, and equally so to the interest of the purchaser to obtain the same at the lowest possible figure. Sellers, as a rule, are thoroughly competent to take care of themselves in the matter, and rarely, if ever, err on the side of asking too little, either for the practice itself, or for any of the goods, fixtures, patent rights, &c., &c., which often appertain thereto. Such being accepted as a truism, it shall be my aim in this short paper to point out to the buyer the various points which he will need to consider and scrutinize preparatory to completing his purchase and entering into possession thereof. One of the first requisites in determining the value of a photographic practice is to calculate the amount of work done by the seller and his employees for some stated period, say three years, and to take special note as to whether it has been on the increase or vice versa, as a business showing signs of a yearly increasing exchequer is of much more value than one in which the reverse is the case, or even one in which the yearly returns have much the same average. The increase shown in one year alone is not a sufficient guide ; three years is, in my opinion, the smallest space of time on which the increase should be calculated, and from which the average returns should be extracted. Having satisfied oneself as to the amount of business done, and the proportionate amount of increase that may be expected, the next requisite is to calculate the amount of profit likely to have accrued therefrom, which must necessarily depend upon—firstly, the prices obtained for work ; and secondly, the amount of paid assistance required to carry on the business. In some studios the proportion of profits to the gross takings is much greater than in others, and where the profits are the largest, the business is, of course, the most valuable. The rent of business premises must also be taken into account, and especial care should be taken to ascertain the length of lease yet to run, and whether a renewal can be obtained at the end of the term, and whether said renewal would be at the old rental, or an increased one. The number of negatives, and their state of preservation, should also be seen to; and it is as well, whilst on the sub ject, to ascertain that they are so named and numbered as to be attainable in the event of repeat orders coming in. In many instances, apparatus, chemicals, and fixtures are also sold with the practice, and more disagreements as to price are likely to arise over these than over the good will itself. The buyer expects to get the apparatus at a considerable reduction from the price he would have to pay a dealer for second-hand goods ; and the seller expects to get at least the same price as a dealer would. The buyer, as a rule, does not mind paying cost price for stock of chemicals and plates. The better way is to call in a valuer, if it can be so arranged, to fix the price of apparatus and accessories, as it is very difficult to come to an agreement otherwise. No one should ever think of purchasing a practice without personally inspecting the premises, books, &c., or he runs a great risk of being “ done.” An acquaintance of mine, whom we will call Mr. C., met with " a case of do ” a short time back. He bad recently returned from New Zealand, and was staying for a short time in Liverpool, when his attention was drawn to an advertisement of a business for disposal in a somewhat distant quarter. He wrote for particulars, and received a letter in reply, stating that there was a capital studio, mentioning size, &c., with good blinds fitted ; that the rent was very small; and that £500 had been taken during the twelve months immediately preceding. The price asked was only £150. Mr. C. jumped eagerly at the bait, sent off £10 to close, and intimated that he would run down the following week, sign the necessary papers, pay the cash, and take possession. He very foolishly did this without knowing anything of the man with whom he was dealing, or even of the town in which the business was situated. Agreeably to his promise he went down, and found the studio almost a heap of ruins, scarcely a whole pane of glass in it, and the much-vaunted blinds mere rags of calico, stained, soddencd, and spoilt by the deluge which entered the roof whenever it rained. He next demanded to see the books, and was
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