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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1303, August 24, 1883
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The photographic news
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Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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Band 27.1883
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the photographic news. Vor. XXVII. No. 1303.—August 24, 1883. CONTENTS. rL rr PAHK — he Unification Of Photographic Constants 529 - iouds in Lands capes . 529 The Brussels Exhibition 530 - he Tourist Photographer 532 The British Association 533 The Camera in South Africa 533 Comparative Emulsion Experiments. By J. Vincent Elsden, B.Sc. (Lend.), F.C.S 534 Notes 536 Patent Intelligence 538 ? PAGE Lessons in Optics for Photographers. By.Capt. Abney Brussels International Photographic Exhibition... Daguerre uuzp Photo-Lithography and Photo-Zincography. By Major J. Waterhouse, B.S.C Solid and Liquid Illuminating Agents. By L. Field, F.C.S Correspondence Proceedings of Societies Talk in the Studio To Correspondents 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 644 544 THE UNIFICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC CONSTANTS. Ji was made very apparent by several circumstances in connection with the Exhibition at Brussels, that a con siderable hindrance is offered to the free advance of photo graphy by the great variation now existing as regards such dimensions which might well be referred to universal standards, and the various meanings attached to photo graphic terms in different countries. The Brussels jury were, indeed, more hampered in their work of adjudica tion by the want of unity as regards the meaning attached to technical expressions, than by the circumstance that the discussion as to the peculiarities of the various exhibits was carried on in several languages. On the evening of the day when the Brussels jury com menced their work of inspection, the Brussels Society in vited them to dine, together with the former presidents of the Society and a few other gentlemen. During the even ing, Mr. Warnerke referred to the desirability, not only of definitely determining the meanings attached to photo graphic terms, but also of adopting universal standards for photographic dimensions. We now have many names for the same thing, and what is, indeed, far more inconveni ent, one and the same name stands for widely different things. Mr. De Vylder, the first president of the Associ ation, said that the required unification would best be accomplished by holding an international congress, and he thought that such a gathering might be advantageously held at Brussels; not only is the geographical position of this city more generally convenient than any other which could be selected, but the political neutrality of Belgium would contribute largely to the success of the enterprise. Dr. Stolze generally agreed with M. De Vylder, and he thought it very desirable that the metric system should become universal for expressing photographic dimensions ; but Mr. Warnerke and Captain Abney, in admitting the desirability of this, pointed out the difficulty which would be experienced in inducing English photographers to co operate as regards this point. After some further discussion it was generally agreed that the Belgian Society should ask for the advice and co operation of other societies, and the matter should be re ported upon at a later date; but Mr. Warnerke, in referring to the influential and representative character of the pre sent gathering, urged the necessity of making some defi nite step in advance. He spoke, also, of the work already done by the English Society in fixing definite standards for lens flanges and screws ; no doubt the proposed con gress would confirm these, especially as the Whitworth standard is now nearly universal for screw threads. Before the meeting broke up, Dr. Stolze referred to the present Exhibition as marking an epoch in the history of photography. He pointed out that we have the first great photographic exhibition held in a national academy of fine arts, and this national recognition possessed especial value as coming from so enlightened a nation as Belgium ; and his proposal to drink a bumper to the prosperity of Belgium and the Belgian king was responded to with enthusiasm. It is to be hoped that the unification congress will meet and get through some considerable portion of its work before the next triennial exhibition of the Brussels Society, and we would suggest this time next year as a convenient time for meeting. All preliminaries might be roughed out in the meantime, so that one meeting of the congress would suffice. CLOUDS IN LANDSCAPES. The photographic abomination once so often seen—a land scape with perfectly white sky—is now becoming rare, and the general introduction of gelatine plates has made it somewhat less common than even a few years ago. Could we but get a photographic process ready to give a representation of the whole range of light which the eye is capable of perceiving, it is evident that what clouds exist in a landscape would always be represented in the photograph taken of it. That any process we know of falls far short of the capacity to register such a range of light is well known ; though it is certain that the gelatine process, especially certain modifications of it, approaches the desideratum much more nearly than the wet process does, at any rate as the latter is commonly practised. It is true that by modifying, for the special purpose, the strengths of the bath and developer used for wet plates, the range of light finding a representation can be some what increased ; but not, we think, so much so as to equal that finding a representation on a good gelatine film. With many subjects of such a nature as do not require prolonged exposures to bring out detail in deep shadows, clouds will be perfectly represented with gelatine plates, whereas they would, as a rule, not have shown at all with wet plates. Almost all subjects fit for the rapid exposures usually termed instantaneous are of this nature. We are, however, no better off than we were before in the matter of views in which exposures at all above the briefest are required. If it is necessary to penetrate into any deep shadows, the exposure required will so over expose the sky that no clouds will be visible. In such cases—that is to say, in most cases—the printing of clouds from a separate negative is a necessity. It is urged by some that in all instances where an expo sure so long that the clouds of the landscape will not be represented is required, a separate negative should be taken, with a shorter exposure to serve for the sky alone,
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