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522 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [August 17, 1883. protected for six months by deposition of a complete specifica tion. Patent Sealed. 1229. ALFEED Horace Dawes, of Brook Cottage, Windermere, in the county of Westmorland, Artist, for an invention of “ An improved process, system, or method of producing permanent coloured photographic card pictures.”—Dated 7th March, 1883. Specification Published during the Week. 59S2. A. ARON, “ Photographic albums.”—A communication from A. Aron. The object of this invention is to construct albums for holding photographs, in such a manner that the said photographs may be readily placed into or withdrawn from the leaves without risk of tearing or injuring that portion of the leaf which is visible to the eye. For this purpose, and according to one arrangement, each leaf of the album is composed of two portions, viz., a fixed portion, or leaf proper, and a removable portion, or slide, this latter portion being adapted to be slidden into the fixed portion, either from the top or from the bottom edge, or from the lateral edge of the leaf, and to be readily withdrawn therefrom as required. This removable or sliding portion carries the photo graphs, which are inserted therein through slits or openings in the lateral edges, or in any other suitable part of such portion, and this portion is also provided with apertures or openings, for the exhibition of the photographs, said apertures or openings corresponding with and lying between those in the fixed portion, or leaf proper, when the sliding portion is fitted in place. In another arrangement or modification, the portion carrying the photographs is a fixture, and the outer leaf is adapted to be slidden over this fixed portion, and to form a sheath or envelope therefor.—provisional Protection only. Patent Granted, in America. 281,532. William E. LINUOr, of St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada, assignor to Charlotte Frances Lindop, of the same place, for “ An apparatus for changing and storing photographers’ back grounds, &c.”—Application filed 9th March, 1883.—No model. A TRIP TO KILAUEA. BY C. RAY WOODS.* By the time we had finished our dinner, darkness had come on, for the Sandwich Islands are just within the Tropics, and in those regions, I need scarcely inform your readers, twilight has but a short duration. We stepped out of the house, and looked, many of us for the first time, on an active volcano. The volcano house stands very near to the edge of the crater, and, stepping up to the verge of the yawning hole, we gazed upon an impressive specta cle. The night was black in the distance, but right before us it was of a fiery red, for columns of vapour were ascend ing into the air, reflecting the ruddy glow of the cauldron beneath. What appeared then to be a sort of jagged mountain peak separated the bright red reflection from the dark space between us and it; but several lines of light, ranging in intensity from red to white, broke the monotony of the intervening space. Beautiful and grand as the sight was, however, it was poor in comparison with the spectacle we were to have on the morrow. We became, at the same time, aware of the presence of sulphurous vapours; but these proceeded from a source much more near to hand. We could not give too much attention to our feet, for holes and fissures, lined with sulphur, yawned around us, belch ing forth compounds of sulphur and steam. Over one of these holes a small hut had been erected, and into this hut we went to enjoy a vapour bath. We sat ourselves inside a kind of wooden box, in which the whole body was en closed, with the exception of the head, which protruded from a hole formed by a couple of boards fitting round the neck, till the perspiration, streaming from every pore, rendered the heat no longer a source of discomfoit; then we stepped out, and one of our companions completed the operation by pouring a pail of almost ice-cold water over • Continued from page 491. us. The refreshing effects of this bath upon aching limbs cannot be over-praised, and, much restored by it, we wandered round the house, or closed round the great wood fire in the sitting-room, enjoying the fragrant weed, till it was time to retire to rest. We were best able to estimate the exact position of affairs when morning came. The crater, which is nine miles in circumference, is one huge hole some hundreds of feet deep, with almost perpendicular walls. Its bottom is one black crumbled expanse, with two or three not very tall cones in the distance. Vast quantities of vapour arose out of these central cones, and from many a spot of the pitch-like lava ascended the rarified air, which showed only too plainly the temperature of the mass beneath it. It was these heated masses, and the distance of the central cones, which gave the latter the appearance of height on the preceding evening. One party set out for the centre in the morning, and another went in the afternoon, and stopped till night-fall. A few energetic individuals attended both visits, but in their case, nothing could have been gained by the first journey. I went on the second visit only, and spent the morning examining the surroundings with the hotel pro prietor ; and remarkable surroundings they were. Beauti ful ferns grew immediately over hot steam cracks ; bright flower beds were in close proximity with deposits of sul phur. Such is the fertility of volcanic soil, that shrubs and grasses grew vigorously in spite of the crystals of sul phur that cling like hoar frost to their leaves and blades. We were shown the caves, hot wells, and steam cracks, where the hotel proprietor intended building his kitchen, and cooking the eatables; we were shown also masses of an edible fern being cooked in large quantities for the pigs. The eatables of which we partook were not supposed to have been cooked by volcano; it may be so, but I have my doubts. In any case, I do not intend to buy a volcano myself for that purpose, as I cannot divest myself of an unaccountable prejudice in favour of coals, rather than steam and sulphur. We then wandered along the road towards Mauna Loa, which, with its neighbour, Mauna Kea (the latter tipped with snow), towered majestically in the distance. The rest of the morning I spent lying at full length on the grass, picking the wild strawberries that lay within my reach. In the afternoon we set out across the crater, descending down the side of the precipice by a narrow winding path, which, in many places, passed objectionably near some of the steam holes and sulphur cracks. My camera was strapped across my back, but my camera legs were again useful, for I opened them, tied them together, and used them in place of a stick for crossing dangerous places. Arrived at the foot of the precipice, we stepped out on to the lake of lava, and pursued a somewhat circuitous route across it. Hard, polished, and slippery in some places, soft and crumbling in others ; gnarled and twisted, broken and cracked ; divided by fissures that appeared hot below the depth of a foot or two beneath the surface, sounding in many cases quite hollow to the tread, as if we were stepping on some huge bubble, we needed occasionally some support to assist us. Hot vapour rose up through some of the cracks, and through others molten lava was squeezing its way to the surface. In some parts we had to go out of our way to avoid places too hot to stand on ; and when we chanced to get on the leeward side of such pieces, the hot, dry air became almost insupportable. Once at least we had to cross a stream of lava, the thin surface of which only was solid, and happy were those who had provided them selves with good stout boots. Soon we began gradually to ascend, and at last found ourselves looking down on what is known as the “ New Lake,” a strong cool breeze blowing at our backs, and our faces being scorched by the huge furnace that glowed beneath us. This lake is nearly half a mile in diameter, and its lower edges, where the molten lava was in contact with the solid rock, glowed continuously,