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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1301, August 10, 1883
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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503 August 10, 1883. ] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. Sotes. The British Association meets at Southport on the 19th September ; Professor Cayley is the President-elect. M. Carlos Relvas, a Portugese amateur photographer, whose name is familiar to many of our readers, has been nominated Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. The sum subscribed for a monument to Poitevin already amounts to eight thousand francs; it is to be erected in the town of St. Calais. Wax..; Asphaltum Tallow Lampblack 100 parts 100 „ 40 „ 20 „ elapse before the printing is resumed, and the work is to be stored away, the stone or plate should be rolled up with transfer ink or with a preserving ink composed of— ink to be deposited on the white parts, and with large work it will generally be necessary to re-damp and re-charge the roller two or three times in the course of the operation; but a good deal will depend upon the temperature and state of dryness of the atmosphere. The quantity of ink to be laid on the stone will depend on the nature of the work. Too much will give a black, heavy impression ; too little, a weak and pale grey one. The amount can be regulated, as before noted, by the stiff ness or thinness of the ink, the quantity of it on the roller, the pressure and speed given to the roller in inking, and the state of dampness or dryness of the stone. A free laying on of ink is favoured by using soft or thin ink, a quantity of it on the roller, heavy pressure and slow movement of the roller in inking, and a slightly damp stone. On the contrary, stiff ink in small quantity on the roller, working the roller lightly and quickly, and a wet stone, all tend to prevent the laying on of ink, and to remove it when in excess. The influence of cold and heat in stiffening and thinning the ink, and on the amount of moisture retained by the stone, must also not be over looked. The stone being properly inked up, and the work appear ing evenly black all over, and free from scum or dirt, a sheet of the printing paper, already damped for the pur pose, as before described, is laid over it, the printer hold ing the paper cornerwise, and adjusting one corner in its place, as marked on the stone, before letting down the other. With large sheets, and when two or more men are required to work the press, the spongeman, on the opposite side of the press, holds up the side away from the printer, while the latter adjusts his side along the lino marked on the stone, and holds it there; this being done, he lowers the sheet gently into its place. Unless these precautions are taken, the paper will “ slur,” or take a double impression. For the same reason, the outer end of the tympan frame must be raised and The above ingredients divided into small pieces are digested in turpentine and stirred up occasionally. After a few days they will frm a viscous mixture, which should be kept for use in covered pots. Failures.—A good print should be of an even blackness all over, not too heavy nor too grey, and, above, all not patchv, some parts black and some pale. The lines must retain as far as possible their original sharpness, width, and primness. In long impressions, however, the work will become more or less worn. Spreading of the lines is caused by too much or toothin an ink, or too much pressure. If not stopped in time, especially when using thin ink, it may lead to a general “ smutting up ” or closing the lines in a black patch which resists all ordinary methods of cleaning, to remedy which the ink must be carefully washed off with turpentine, taking care that the stone or plate is well wetted. The work is then rolled in again with stiff ink, gummed or etched, and, if possible, allowed to remain a day or so before printing again. This defect is also caused by too weak an etching solution, and using soft bad ink, or from dirty work. A general paleness of the impression is caused by too little or too thin an ink, too little pressure, or too wet a paper, especially if it is highly sized. Doubling of the line, or “ slurring,” is caused by the tympan being too slack, the paper being cockled or wrinkled after damping, unevenly drying, or being carelessly laid down on the work. Rottenness or breaking up of the lines is caused by too light a pressure. White streaks running through the impression show that the scraper edge is uneven, and requires adjusting with a file or glass paper. Light patches constantly recurring in the same part of the print, or all along one edge of it, show that there are hollows in the stone, or thin places in the tympan-leather or backing, or that the stone is not level. In the former case the hollow parts are packed with little pieces of paper applied as re quired, and in the latter, the stone must be packed up from below. Patchiness may also be caused by uneven damping. The above short sketch of the operations of printing will, in the absence of practical lessons, be sufficient for guidance in the reproduction of pen-and-ink drawings and engravings, &c., on the small scale, but for anything more extensive, Richmond's Grammar and other special technical works should be consulted, though, as said before, nothing but a long practical training will make a good printer. (To be continued.') supported, so that the leather may be free of the stone or plate till forced down by the passage of the scraper. The backing sheet is then laid on, the tympan brought down, the pressure applied with the lever, and the stone passed through the press. The print is then lifted care fully off the stone, so as to avoid tearing off the surface of the paper if the ink is stiff. It is looked over to see that the impression is clean and free from defects, and, if all is satisfactory, laid in its place on the back of the press, or on a table or board. The stone or plate is then re-damped, and rolled in again, and so on for each impression, till the number of impressions required have been printed off. After about fifty copies have been printed, it is a good plan to scrape the ink off the roller and inking slab, and put fresh ink on, because the ink gets charged with particles of fluff, &c., left on the stone from the printing paper, damping cloths, &c. In rolling up, should the roller work stiff, and deposit ink on the white parts of the stone, it shows that the stone is not sufficiently damp ; damping and rolling-in again smartly will clear off the ink again. On the other hand, if the roller slips on the stone without turning, the latter is too wet, and requires wiping. In zinc printing, should the plate become slightly dirty in printing, the part should be rubbed with a piece of flannel dipped in the etching solution. The plate is then washed, a little gum applied, and the damping and rolling- up proceeded with. When close work gets very heavy from long printing, a wash of dilute nitric acid—1 to 12— will improve it. This must be washed off immediately, and the plate etched again. Damping cloths and sponges should be washed out well every evening in clean water, without soap. All cloths and sponges must be kept carefully for their own special purpose, and not used for anything else. In any interruption of the printing, the stone or zinc Should always be gummed; and if some time is likely to
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