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The photographic news
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- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- No. 1301, August 10, 1883
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. Vol. XXVII. No. 1301.—Atiffusi 10, 1883. CONTENTS. PAGE Photographic Copyright 497 The Effect Produced by Varyingthe Amount of Water in which is Dissolved the Salts Used in Emulsifying with Gelatine... 497 Ives’ Photo-Block Method 498 The Tourist Photographer 499 Cash at Time of Sitting. By C. Branywin Barnes 501 FAotoyLithography and Photo-Zincography. By Major J. Waterhouse, B.S.C 502 Notes , 503 PAGE .. 505 .. 506 .. 508 .. 509 .. 510 ... 510 ... 511 ... 511 ... 512 Patent Intelligence •. e; Lessons in Optics for Photographers. By Capt. Abney. A Dictionary of Photography French Correspondence. By Leon Vidal Clinical Knowledge. By Thomas C. Strickland Correspondence Proceedings of Societies Talk in the Studio To Correspondents,,..... PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYRIGHT. Whether Mr. Alderman Nottage will appeal once more on the subject of the Australian Cricket photograph or not, there cannot be a doubt as to the law as at present laid down by the Master of the Rolls and his brother judges, and to which we referred last week. The point, as our readers will remember, is a very simple one. The copyright of a photograph, like that of a painting or other work of art, belongs to the author, the judges tell us, and therefore the author of a negative can alone claim it. The copy right belongs to the author during his lifetime, or for a certain number of years, says the Act, and therefore, argue the judges, it will not do to import any other period, as, for instance, the life-time of a second person. No one, in fact, can claim to be author but the producer, the copy right depending upon him and his life-time. It is difficult to see how any other view could have been taken by the learned judges in face of the wording and construction of the Act. Photographers, to a man, who maintain there is something of art—much or little—in a photograph, would, indeed, hardly have it otherwise than that he who produces a picture should be entitled to the copright; and if the legal ruling puts the matter in a light they have never before seen it in, there is no reason why they should not cheerfully accept it. More explicit arrange ments may hereafter be necessary, in some cases, between employers and employed ; but that is all. Mr. Aiderman Nottage sent one of his assistants to photograph the Australian Cricket Eleven, and this assis tant made so good a picture that it was copied or pirated. The copyists say they have not infringed the Copyright Act, because Mr. Nottage, or the Stereoscopic Company, registered themselves as “ authors,” whereas not they, but the assistant, was the real author. If the Company had sent a painter to paint the group, the Stereoscopic Com pany would not have registered themselves as “ authors,” and as such entitled to the copyright. No doubt their painter, had he been entirely in their pay, would have had to given up both painting and copyright (this would obviously have been the bargain of his employment); but still, it would be necessary all the same, to transfer the copyright from the author, and the value of it would depend upon the author’s life. Why, then, should it be otherwise in photography, if photography has any pretension to be an art ? All the same, there is no reason why assistant or pupil should enjoy the copyright of a photographic negative, or positive, whichever may be taken. In many cases, a photo graph would be of little value without the copyright, and here, of course, is one great difference between painting and photography. All the employer has to do in future is to bargain that both—picture and copyright—shall belong to him. If it is laid down by law that two results of value are produced by the person in his pay, instead of only one, then he will take care that it is distinctly understood the two things belong to him—picture and copyright. In the case of p ortraits taken in the studio, by assistants who are supervised much or little by the principal, there can be no question that to the principal belongs the copy right as well as the negative. He may not even pose or direct the lighting; if he looks on and approves, he is entitled to what his assistant or pupil does. Nay, even during the principal's temporary absence, if the assistant makes use of the artistic lighting effects, and the draping arrangements contrived and. adjusted by the master, we cannot but think that the entire results are due to him and him alone. On the other hand, if a principal simply looks after business matters, and does not concern himself with studio work, then a clear bargain with his assistants is perforce necessary. The production of photographic pictures is not a mere question of manufacture. This, the judges have acknow ledged by their verdict, which is, in truth, a flattering one to photographers generally. Now, if Mr. Justice Field, and later the Master of the Rolls, had argued that photo graphy, being a mere technical matter, and the apparatus being the property of the principal, the results ‘must also be the property of the master, much as if these results were a chair or table, we feel sure photographers would have scarcely been content with such a view; in present cir cumstances, it seems to us that the position of photo graphers is higher and better recognized for the verdict, while their interests will be quite as safe, if they will only make proper arrangements with those in their employ ment. THE EFFECT PRODUCED BY VARYING THE AMOUNT OF WATER IN WHICH IS DIS SOLVED THE SALTS USED IN EMULSIFYING WITH GELATINE. In various formul for the manufacture of gelatine emul sions, a factor which we find continually varied, is that of the quantity of water in which each of the chemicals used to produce the silver bromide is dissolved. The variation is, as we say, great, and yet it is a point to which we seldom hear reference made. The amount of excess of bromide used, the quantity of iodide intro duced, and such-like questions, we hear continually dis cussed ; yet, probably, variation of neither of these factors mentioned produces such difference in the results obtained or, more strictly speaking, in the time necessary to bring about the results, as does varying the amount of water used to dissolve the salts. Looking at one or two formu‘, we find standing at one extreme that of Captain Abney,
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