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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- No. 1300, August 3, 1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
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486 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS [August 3, 1883. rehearsing the observations, and the still unsettled state of the weather, prevented this being done. The early morning of the eclipse found the weather in the same unsettled state ; about nine o'clock, however, the clouds began to disperse themselves, and by ten o’clock the sky was moderately clear. After the first contact the lenses were dusted, the slits of the spectroscopes cleaned, and the adjustments finally inspected. With regard to the work of observation itself, this was done in accordance with the programme laid down before the observers left England, although the time-table of exposures was slightly departed from to meet the circumstances of the case, as, for instance, a greater length of totality than was expected, the duration being five minutes twenty-five seconds. During the eclipse the direction and velocity of the wind remained constant, whilst the meteorological observations of Mr. Upton showed a slight rise in barometric pressure, a rise in humidity, and a fall of temperature, the latter reaching even the nightly values ; whilst radiation thermometers showed that the heat received by the earth was almost nil. The observations with the photo-heliographs which the English observers took out were taken in hand by Lieut. Qualtrough, of the American navy. Perhaps some details as to the work itself may be of interest. First with regard to the work of Mr. Woods. A red-end collo dion plate was washed and placed by him in one of the pris matic camera slides five minutes before totality. Four minutes later he started the clockwork of the integrating spectroscopic slide. Forty seconds before totality exposures wei e made in the Rowland grating cameras, and at totality the prismatic camera and slit spectroscope were each opened. In the spectroscopes, which were under the care of Mr. Law rence, the exposures commenced ten minutes before totality, his work continuing until ten minutes after totality. The photo-heliographs, as we have said, were looked after by Lieut. Qualtrough, the plates which he exposed in these instru ments being given to Mr. Woods after the eclipse. During the intervals in the exposures of the plates, the observers found time to note the corona. In its general character it seems to have much resembled that seen last year in Egypt, but its light was of a more natural tone, the landscape lacking the wierd colouring, so marked a feature in the Egyptian eclipse. Mr. Lawrence, examining the corona with the finder, was able to detect much delicate detail, especially in those portions of it near the preceding limb of the moon. He also examined it with a small pocket spectroscope with lens. Taking out the prisms during mid-totality, he could see the green ring, and very faintly towards the end C and D 3 . After totality he still saw the 1474 ring, as well as the red and yellow ones ; these latter, however, being, as before, very faint. Replacing the prisms, he could see then only the 1474 line—that examined by Prof. Hastings. The F line, for which he had specially searched, was not seen by him at all. Mr. Lawrence agrees in thinking that the coronal light was of a more natural tint than it was in the eclipse last year. Mr. Dixon, of the American party, made a careful sketch of the corona, showing five well-defined streamers. Soon after totality the photo-heliograph clock was stopped, and an endeavour made to obtain the run of the sun’s crescent on the two cameras for the purpose of orientation, but, owing to the prevalence of clouds, the attempt was only successful with one, the smaller instrument, with which two exposures were obtained on one plate. So much for the observations themselves. As to the results, we learn that the photographs taken with the small photo heliographs are very good ; that which had two minutes’ expo sure showingas much as those which M. Janssen exposed during the whole of totality. The large photo-heliograph has not given such good results, all the plates taken showing signs of slight shifts. Still it is believed that, by combining the photographs on each of the nine plates, the whole structure of the corona from the limb to its outmost limbs will be obtained. With the first order grating H and K were obtained as bright lines just before, and immediately after, totality; but with the second order grating no result seems to have been obtained—at least, the observers could see nothing when they examined the plate on the island. The photographs taken with the dense prism spectroscope, like those obtained with the first order grat ing, show bright lines at the commencement and end of totality, particularly at the end, the photograph taken then showing H, K, h, f, and F very distinctly. The integrating spectroscope also did useful work. Although no result was obtained during totality with this instrument, the flash of bright lines before and again after totality were sue" cessfully photographed by it. The more prominent lines in these photographs are those which belong to hydrogen and the lines H, K, and 1474. The slit spectroscope was also successful, giving a good photo graph from the ultra-violet to the green. This spectrum, whilst being in the main a continuous one, is not the same on the two sides of the disk, nor are the lines so numerous as those obtained last year in Egypt. H and K are very strong in the present photograph ; but in this respect also the spectrum differs from that obtained in Egypt, these lines then extending across the interval, which is not so in the present photograph. The hydrogen line near G, however, extends over nearly a solar diameter; and h, F, 1474, b, and other lines have also been obtained. With regard to the gelatine red-end plates of the prismatic camera, although they gave good photographs, yet the almost entire absence of prominences will diminish their value. In the eclipse of last year, when many prominences were visible, these plates were used with good results. The Rowland grating, too, seems to have given no useful result; but this is probably due, like the small measure of success with the prismatic camera, to the comparative absence of prominences. In developing the red-end plate immediately after totality, Mr. Woods was unfortunate enough, owing to his having to manipulate it almost entirely in the dark, to get it torn, and nothing now remains but the gelatine edging. The work now being complete, the things began to be re-packed for the homeward journey. The Hartford returned to Caroline on the 8th, the work of re-embarkation commenced, and on the 9th the expedition left. The observers were almost sorry to leave the island, as their sojourn there had been a most pleasant one. Like most of its kind, it is well wooded, the graceful outlines of the cocoanut palms being characteristic features in the pretty scenery which the island affords. By day the small hermit crab swarmed the sandy beach, feeding on what decayed animal matter it could find ; whilst, at night, the large red hermit crabs covered the same beachin their hundreds, they preferring dead vegetable matter. The lagoon, too, around which the little islets arrange themselves, was a never-failing source of interest and amusement, and in boating there, and in the deeper water off the reef, or in hunting the shore in search of the brilliant-coloured shells and coral with which the island abounds, the observers found much amuse ment. In deep water bivalve shells, more than two feet across, were observed ; whilst the reefs at low water were covered with smaller representatives of the same or a similar species, which threw jets of water into the air. Several octopi were caught by the various members of the expedition, and many beautiful sea- urchins picked up by them in their daily walks. Thus did they spend their spare hours, and it was therefore with some regret that they saw the outlines of the island disappear on their horizon. The Rartford was bound for Honolulu in the Sand wich Islands. The voyage was, however, broken at Hilo, Hawaii, in order that the members of the expedition might visit the celebrated volcano of Kilauea. Honolulu was reached on May 30th. Here Messrs. Preston and Brown, who were to continue their pendulum observations, remained, the rest of the expedition proceeding in the Zealandia for San Francisco. The English observers left at Honolulu copies of the photographs they obtained, to be forwarded to England by the next mail. They left San Francisco on June 15th, and may therefore be expected to arrive in England about the end of the present month.—Nature. PRACTICAL AIDS TO INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHY. BY RICHLARD CROWE.* In treating upon the above subject I find it difficult to add anything new to that which has already been written and said by abler members of our Society, bo I shall content myself by explaining the practical advantages of apparatus which I have found in my own practice to be of the utmost value, and by the aid of which I have been enabled to procure the pictures before you. In my opinion the taking of rapid pictures does not receive ’ Bead before the Liverpool Amateur Photographic Association.
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