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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1299, July 27, 1883
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The photographic news
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titel
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July 27, 1883.] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS.' 469 into the dark on a call from our friend, we saw the tunnel suddenly lit up by a dozen tiny lights. He had stuck a number of wax vestas in a row against the rock, and thus constituted a chain of Vauxhall lights in miniature for his amusement, while we were engaged under the dark cloth. The wayside is very weird and wild until you approach the top of the Pass ; and, as we have said, there is but the poorest accommodation on the road, so that the tourist had best carry something with him. A packet of tea, carried inside a little tin kettle, with a sponge spirit lamp, is a wonderful comfort, for even dry bread with tea is palatable. (N. B.—Take pure spirit for your lamp ; it is not dear on the Continent, and if it upsets, or the vessel containing it leaks, there is no unpleasant smell upon your clothes). Another “ comfort,” to use a medical term, is a small pot of Liebig’s extract of meat ; you can get all sorts of soups at the inns, made of every article under the sun but meat, so that a spoonful of Liebig added usually makes a palatable mess. Another word on ways and means while we are on the subject. Some time ago, the general advice was to travel with English money ; English sovereigns carry conviction wherever you go, and are nowhere refused. This is quite right, as far as it goes; but for the past ten years we have taken, instead, to travelling with gold twenty-franc pieces, and we have got along with much fewer anxieties. For this reason : of the three gold pieces best known in Western Europe, the sovereign, 20-mark piece, and 20-franc piece, the last is of the least value, while it is even more current than the sovereign. Now, with sovereigns, one is continu ally liable to have them mistaken for the 20-franc piece, worth only sixteen shillings, and there is always the onus on your part of setting matters right; whereas the traveller with 20-franc pieces need never have any anxiety about “ errors ” of this kind—in our experience they never arise— so he is spared of the trouble of looking out for them. One day, in Switzerland, between the hours of ten and noon, we had occasion to call the attention of officials on railroad and steamer no less than three times to the fact that they had mistaken an English gold piece for a French one. The Stelvio is an important military position when war breaks out between Italy and Austria. In 1859, and again in 1866, it was taken possession of by Italian troops, who blew up a bridge, and blockaded the roadway to prevent the Austrians from forcing an entrance by this line of route. The Austrians have a strong fortress on the other side of the pass, and, indeed, command the whole northern slope ; we need scarcely recommend photographers not to work when in sight of the fortifications. The sentries are very keen eyed, and very jealous of strangers. Only as you begin to approach the summit of the Stelvio do you suddenly feel that you are in a realm of mour tains. We know nothing so exhilarating and pulse quickening as approaching the top of a grand peak or pass : the cold crisp air that suddenly envelops you, the vista that gradually opens wider and wider, clearer and clearer, the white peaks and glaciers that grow up around you. The snowy Monte Crystallo rises on your right, and on both sides are snow slopes that hem in the narrow road between them. Rarely is the Stelvio free from snow except in late Bummer. The mighty white Ortler comes into view, and peak after peak rises up until there are innumerable sugar- loaf mountains before you. At last you reach the big obelisk—at first sight like a gigantic pulpit—at the top of the Bass, which marks the boundaries of Italy, Austria, and Switzerland. There is a rough building at the very top, one of the series of refuges, called, if we remember aright, Ferdinands- hohe. It is generally uninhabited, and what was worse, the door of the building was securely locked at the time of our visit. So the tourist photographer must not rely upon any shelter, much less sleeping accommodation here. At Santa Ilaria, an hour’s march from the summit, and again a couple of thousand feet down on the Austrian side, there is simple accommodation to be had, the houses containing each of them about a dozen beds and half-a-dozen stoves, for the latter are quite as important as the former in this lofty district. There is no “hospice” or religious establishment on the Stelvio, as is the case of most Swiss passes, where a body of monks reside, ready to afford assistance to un fortunate travellers, and where one may pass the night tolerably. The fact is, a habitation could not be built sufficiently strong up here to withstand the dements, for there is no plain or basin at the top, as on most Alpine thoroughfares. The Stelvio is a cutting between two rugged mountains, and one would be always in peril from earth slips and avalanches. A little while ago there was an Austrian post-house a short distance from the summit, where horses were to be hired, and travellers might obtain shelter and refreshment; but one day an avalanche came rumbling down the mountains, and the mass of ice and rock smashed the little house to atoms, killing every being in the place, the postmaster himself, poor fellow, being found under a bit of rock that a dozen men could scarcely stir. (To be Continued.) ON THE USE OF PARTIAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR STUDYING THE MOVEMENTS OF MEN AND ANIMALS. BY M. JIAREY.* When a series of photographs representing the successive attitudes of an animal is taken on the same plate, it is naturally desirable to multiply these images, for the pur pose of getting the greatest possible number of phases of the movement. But when the animals to be reproduced do not move rapidly, the number of images is limited by their superposition and the resulting confusion. Thus, a man running at a moderate pace may be photographed ten times in a second, without the impressions on the plate being confused. If, at times, one leg is depicted on a part already bearing the trace of another leg, the superposition does not alter the image; the whites become only more intense in those poritions of the plates receiving an impression twice over; but the contours of both limbs are still easily to be distinguished. In the case, however, of a man walking slowly, these superpositions are so numerous as to render the reproduction very confused. It is to remedy this defect that I have had recourse to partial photography; that is to say, I have suppressed certain parts of the image, that the rest may be more easily understood. In the method which I employ, only white and light objects affect the sensitive plate; it suffices, therefore, to clothe that portion of the body to be suppressed in black. If a man dressed in a parti-coloured costume of black and white walk over the track, by turning the white parts of his apparel towards the camera—the right side, for instance— he will be reproduced as if he only possessed the right half of his body. These images permit the various successive phases of movement to be accurately followed, the rota tion of the foot and leg when both on the ground and lifted up, and the oscillation of the limb at the hip joint while moving along in a continuous manner. These partial photographs are also useful in the analysis of rapid movements, because they allow of the number of I attitudes represented being multiplied. At the same time, as a man’s leg is rather large, its reproduction cannot bo multiplied very often, owing to confusion by superposition. I have therefore sought to diminish the size of the images, so as to admit of repetition at very short intervals. The method consists in attiring the walker in a black costume having narrow bands of bright metal applied down the length of the leg, thigh, and arm, following exactly the direction of the bones of the limbs. This plan permits • Coini>tee Zendus of the French Acadewy of Sciences,
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