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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1298, July 20, 1883
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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464 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS [JULY 20, 1883. G. F. Webber.—Under the circumstances we should suggest that the best place would be as high over the background as po ssible; and the least unsightly ventilator would be one consisting of a large number of long horizontal shutters, closing together like the slats of a Venetian blind, or the swell flaps of an organ. It is probable that an ordinary joiner would be able to construct such an arrangement. Amateur.—There are several firms who make a special feature of the production of enlarged negatives, and the addresses will be found in our advertising columns. L. BOLLANS.—You have committed the not unfrequent error of trying to improve on a process before having made yourself familiar with the experiments of others. We advise you to throw away all your solutions, and to make up fresh preparations in exact accordance with the published formul. At the same time, you would do well to adhere minutely to every detail of manipu lation, until you have produced results which are at least as good as those to which you profess to admire so much. Leo.—Cardboard is hardly durable enough ; why not use thin sheet ebonite ? S. CHAMFORD.—1. A mixture or solution containing one part potas sium bichromate and two parts of sulphuric acid dissolved in about 15 parts of water will probably remove all traces in the course of a few days. 2. Iron would be very rapidly dissolved under the circumstances, but copper would be scarcely affected. 3. It is ordinarily bleached with chlorine, and the hyposulphite is used in order to so far neutrallize the halogen as to render it harmless. 4. A very dilute solution of the blue iodide of starch forms a convenient test, as the salt immediately decolourizes this preparation. 5. You have made some mistake, as gum-arabic is insoluble in alcohol. Perhaps you intended to write sandarac. If this is the case, no difficulty is likely to present itself. 6. It becomes very yellow when exposed to daylight for some months. B. Leicester.—China clay is useless for the purpose, and your bath does not work because it contains hydrochloric acid. Add two drachms of acetate of soda. John Chambers.—1. It will dissolve readily enough, provided that a very small proportion of acetic acid is present ; but it is not desirable for a very great excess of the acid to be present. 2. Coat it with plain collodion before immersing it in water. Jersey.—The most convenient method is to cover the back of the negative with the thin transparent paper, which is sold as mineral paper, and then to work-in the clouds with powdered black-lead and a paper stump. Potterer.—They will answer extremely well, but great care should bo taken in cleaning them, as the dirt does not show dis tinctly against the dark colour. M. H. Pocklington writes to say that in his hands the following developer allows considerable latitude of exposure, and produces very brilliant and clear negatives. Its great defect is its extreme slowness. Take 1 grain hydrokinone, 1 grain sulphite of soda, J ounce water. This solution will not keep well. Add the above to one ounce of a ten percent, solution of carbonate of soda (washing soda). Full development requires about ten minutes, but the negative does not stain to a greater degree than the alum bath is competent to rectify, if used after development and before fixing. Edward Cartwright.—1. Captain Abney has, by his extended researches, made this subject peculiarly his own, and we should recommend you to carefully study his papers, all of which have appeared in the Photographic News. 2. We think you might do as suggested without any impropriety, but cannot speak very decidedly, as we do not know all the circumstances. J UNIOR.— Although copper does not dissolve in hydrochloric acid to an appreciable extent, it would be very unwise to make the appa ratus of this metal, as the united action of air and the acid would very soon so far corrode it as to render it valueless. Pyroxyline. Sensitize your paper cn a much stronger bath ; one fourth more silver will probably answer very well A. 0. D.—We are under the impression that it would be necessary to obtain permission. F. T. Wilson.—1. Chloroform is the best solvent, but benzole will answer fairly well. 2. It is well to remove traces of water by leaving it for some days in contact with a few fragments of chloride of calcium, and subsequently re-distilling it. 3. You have probably made some mistake, as it volatilizes at a much lower temperature than that which you name. T. Dunethorne.—The prolonged action of heat has had the effect of destroying the setting power of the gelatinous mixture; and it is not likely that you will mend matters by adding chrome alum. • - o— PHOTOGRAPHS REGISTERED. Mr. W. McLROD (Stornoway)-- Photo, of the Stranding of II.M.S. Lively. Mr. E. Wheeler (Brighton)—Photo, of Boy with Pail and Spade. Messrs. Lambert Westox and Son (Dover)—Photo, of Duchess of Con naught Planting an Oak Tree in Connaught Park, Dover. THE EVERY-DAY FORMULARY. The GELATINO-BROMIDE Process. Emulsion.—A—Nit. silver 100 grains, dist. water 2 oz. E—Bromide potassium 85 grains, Nelson’s No. 1 gelatine 20 grains, dist. water 12 oz ; ,a one per cent, mixture of hydrochloric acid and water 50 minims. C—Iodide potassium 8 grains, dist. water ] oz. D—Hard gelatine 120 grains, water several oz. W hen the gelatine is thoroughly soaked, let all possible water be poured off D. A and B arc now heated to about 120° Fahr., after which B is gradually added to A with constant agitation; C is then added. Heat in water bath for half an hour, and stir in D. After washing add i oz. alcohol. Pyro. Developer.—No. 1—Strong liq. ammonia 13 oz., bromide potas sium 240 grains, water 80 oz. No. 2—Pyro. 30 grains, water 10 oz. In case of an ordinary exposure mix equal vol. Iron Developer.—Potassium oxalate sol. (1 and 4) 80 parts, ferrous sulphate sol. (1 and 4) 20 parts, dist. water 20 parts. To each 4 oz. of the mixed developer add from 5 to 30 drops ten percent, sol. potassium bromide, and 30 drops sol. sodium hyposulphite (1 and 200). Substratum or Preliminary Preparation.—Soluble silicate of soda 1 part, white of egg 5 parts, water 60 parts. Beat to froth and filter. Fixing.—Sat. sol. of sod. hypo. 1 pint, sat. sol. of alum 2 pints, mixed. Cowell’s Clearing Solution.—Alum 1 part, citric acid 2 parts, water 10 parts. Edwards makes this sherry coloured with perchloride iron. Eder’s Method of Intensification.—The negative is whitened by soaking in sat. sol. of mercuric chloride, and after thorough rinsing immersed in potass, cyan. lOparts, potass, iod. 5 parts, mercuric chloride 5 parts, water 2,000 parts. As film becomes dark brown, the actinic opacity is increased; but prolonged action causes brown tint to become lighter, until at last the negative is no denser than at first. Fol’s Backing Sheets.—A chromographic paste is prepared with gelatine 1 part, water 2 parts, glycerine 1 part, and a very small addition of Indian ink. Strong paper or shitting is coated, and the sheets are laid, face downward, on waxed glass to set. Press to back of glass plate. The Wet Collodion Process. The Nitrate Bath.—Water 14 oz., nit. silver 1 oz.,nitric acid 1 drop. Before using coat a small plate, and immerse it for 20 minutes. Cleaning Preparation for New Plates.—Alcohol 4 oz., Jewel ler’s rouge 4-0z., liquid ammonia g-oz. Film-removing Pickle for Old Plates.—Water 1 pint, sulphuric acid 4 fluid oz., bichromate potassium 4 oz. Substratum.—Whites of 2 eggs well beaten, 6 pints of water, and 1 dr. liq. ammon. Negative Collodion for Iron Development.— Alcohol 1 pint, pyroxyline of suitable quality 250 grains, shake well and add ether 2 pints. Iodize this by mixing icith one-third of its volume of alcohol J pint, iod. amnion. 80 grains, iod. cadm. 80 grains, brom, ammon. 40 grains. Normal Iron Developer.—Water 10 oz., proto-sulphate iron ) oz., glacial acetic acid oz., alcohol ? oz. The amount of proto-sulphate iron may be diminished to A oz. when full contrasts are desired, or increased to 1 oz. when contrasts are unduly marked. With new bath quantity of alcohol may be reduced to 4 oz.; but when bath is old more is wanted. Intensifying Solution.—Water 6 oz., citric acid 75 grains, pyro. 30 grains. W hen used, add a few drops of the silver bath to each ounce. Lead Intensification.—After nog. washing, immerse in dist. water 100 parts, red pruss. potash 6 parts, and nit. lead 4 parts. When it is yellowish white wash and immerse in liquid sulphide ammon. 1 part, water 4 parts. Fixing Solution.—1. Potass, cyanide 200grains, water 10 oz. 2. Sat. sol. of sod. hypo. Varnish.—Shellac 2 oz., sandarac 2 oz., Canada balsam 1 dr., oil of pavender 1 oz., alcohol 16 cz. Printing PROCESSES. Albumen Mixture for Paper.—White of egg 18 oz., 500 grs. ammon. chlor, in 2 oz. of water. Beat to a froth, stand, and filter. Sensitizing Solution.—Nit. silver 50grs., water 1 oz., sod. carb. A gr. Acetate Toning Bath.—Chi. gold 1 gr., acet, soda 20 grs.. water 8 oz. Lime do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., whiting 30 grs., boiling water 8 oz., sat. sol. chi. lime 1 drop. Filter cold. Bicarbonate do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., bicarb, soda 3 grs., water 8 oz. Fixing Bath.-Sodium hypo. 4 oz., water 1 pint, liq. amm n.30 drops. Reducer for Deep Prints.—Cyan, potass. 5 grs., liq. ammon. 5 drops, water 1 pint. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax 1 oz., oil of turpentine 5 oz. Sensitizing Bath for Carbon Tissue.—Bichromate potash 1} oz,, water 30 oz., ammonia 1 dr., methylated spirit 4 oz. Enamel Collodion.—Tough pyroxyline 120 grs., methylated alcohol 10 oz., ether 10 oz., castor oil 20 drops. Mountant.—1. Fresh solution of best white gum. 2. Fresh starch. Collotypic Substratum.—Soluble glass 3 parts, white of egg 7 parts, water 10 parts. . Collotypic Sensitive Coating.—Bichromate potash 1 oz., gela tine 22 oz., water 22 oz. Collotypic Etching Fluid.—Glycotine 150 parts, ammonia50 parts, saltpetre 5 parts, water 25 parts. Printing on Fabric.—Remove all drossing from fabric by boiling in water containing a little potash, drv, and albumenize with ammonium chloride 2 grammes, water 250 cubic cents., and the white of 2 eggs, all being well beaten together. A 70-grain silver bath is used, and the remain ing operations arc as for raper. Cyanotype Printing.—Water 1 oz., red prussiate of potash (ferri cyanide) 1 dr., ammonio citrate of iron 1 dr. Prepare and preserve in the dark. Float the paper and dry. Fixation by mere soaking in water. Various. Luckardt’s Retouching Varnish.—Alcohol 200 parts, sandarac 50 parts, camphor 5 parts, castor oil 10 parts, Venice turpentine 5 parts. Matt Varnish.—.Sandarac 18 parts, mas-tic 4 parts, ether 200 parts, benzole 80 to 100 parts. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax, in shreds, 1 oz., turpentine 5oz.; dissolve in gentle heat, and apply cold with piece of flannel. Ferrotypes. Collodion.—Ammonium iodide 35 grains, cadmium iodide 25 grains, cadmium bi oroide 20 grains, pyroxyline 70 grains, alcohol 5 oz., other 5 oz. Bath. - Silver nitrate 1 cz., water 10 oz., nitric acid 1 drop. Developer.—Ferrous sulphate 1 oz., glac. acetic acid 1 oz,, water 16 oz. Fixing and Tarnish, -Same as wet collodion process.
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