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The photographic news
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- 27.1883
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1297, July 13, 1883
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The photographic news
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448 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [July 13, 1883. PHOTOGRAPHIC Club.—At the next meeting of this Club, July 18th, the subject for discussion will be “ Iron versus pyrogallic development: which system will give the best results (detail and vigour) with a given exposure upon plates from one emulsion ? ” G0 Gurxesggnents. *,* We cannot undertake to return rej ected communications. S. M. H.—No; your best plan will be to study the chapters on u Photo-lithography ” in our columns, by Major Waterhouse. RECREM.—See either Abney’s “ Photography with Emnlsions,"' price 3s.; or Burton’s “ A B C of Modern Photography,” price Is. Both are to be had of our Publishers. L. R.—Quite legitimate, but the circumstance of the enlargement having been done by another person must be stated. 2. There is nothing to pay unless you wish to have it sent. In this case " you would, of course, have to pay the expense of packing and transmission. F. P.—All the conditions cannot very well be fulfilled at the same time, and you cannot do better than study the details given in “The Studios of Europe.” A Learner.—Yon will find some information in the present number, and full details in our last volume, pp. 673, 690, 706, 738, 770. O, T.—1. It would probably be enough in most cases, but it is best to err on the safe side. 2. It would cause mischief if present to a considerable extent, but a mere trace will do no harm. John Chapman.—New glass often gives rise to a little trouble, as the wax does not readily adhere to it. Polish it off less com pletely until your glass is got into good working order. John Malburn.—1. The colour arises from the liberation of iodine, and the consequence is, the collodion becomes much less sensitive. 2. It would be well to increase the exposure con siderably—say, fourfold—and to use a much weaker developer. C. D. P.—The grained card mask or border will be found described on page 262 of our present volume. Wm. B. Funnell.—That you mention is very good value for the money, and would be found to answer well in the hands of a care ful worker; but you mnst not expect to have such good instru ments as those costing three times the money. Enquirer.—1. The black-and-white results which trouble you are more likely to be a consequence of your system of lighting, than of any peculiarities in the plates you employ. Our article on “ Screens and Reflectors,” which appeared a fortnight ago, will give you some idea as to how to set to work. 2. A photographer wanting someone to help him would be likely to give you a moderate salary, but you would have to do such work as he might require. If you go into a studio with the view of practising those branches which you yourself select, you will probably have to pay a premium. Anxious.—Rely on neither, but apply to a photographer in your own town. David Thomas.—1. Apply it with a clean camel's-hair brush until the paper is thoroughly permeated by the solution. 2. It is better to so arrange the conditions that it shall become dry in six or eight hours. Peter Wright.—1. Ordinary oil colours answer very well. 2. One part dissolved in twelve parts of water. 3. You appear to have lost sight of the circumstance that it is necessary to add acetic acid. See the formula given in the Year-Book. D. W. L.—It is usual to add a little wax, generally about one-sixth of its weight; but this is by no means essential. Henry Elliott.—That the difficulty exists is well known, and there are few photographers who cannot tell of a certain remedy ; still we seem no nearer to a satisfactory conclusion. A. S. Belman.—1. Air was enclosed between the tissue and the glass in mounting, hence the shining spots. 2. You can only avoid this by carefully watching each step in the process. F. B.—1. It will not dissolve. 2. We cannot tell you why, as it is one of the ultimate properties of the substance. The so-called explanation you refer to is no explanation, as it merely stales the fact in other words. Member of the Photographic Society.—We imagine that it simply arises from a mistake, or a clerical error, and you had better write to the Secretary. PHOTOGRAPHS REGISTERED. Mr. G. BRUCR (Duns, Berwick)—Photo, of the Arm of George Gunn. Mr. A. Donald (Dundee)—Photo, of the Donald Cameron Monument. Mr. R. F. Blackett (38, Woburn Square)—Photo, of Christ Church, Woburn Square. Mr. G. W. Austen (69, Queen’s Road, Finsbury Park)-Photo, of Mr. Phillip McGrath. THE EVERY-DAY FORMULARY. The GELATINO-BROMIDE Process. Emulsion.—A—Nit. silver 100 grains, dist. water 2 oz. B—Bromide potassium 85 grains, Nelson’s No. 1 gelatine 20 grains, dist. water 12 07:a one per cent, mixture of hydrochloric acid and water 50 minims. C—Iodide potassium 8 grains, dist. water 2 oz. D—Hard gelatine 120 grains, water several oz. W hen the gelatine is thoroughly soaked, let all possible water be poured off D. A and B are now heated to about 120° Fahr., after which B is gradually added to A with constant agitation; C is then added. Heat in water bath for half an hour, and stir in D. After washing add i oz. alcohol. Pyro. Developer.—No. 1—Strong liq. ammonia 11 oz., bromide potas sium 240 grains, water 80 oz. No. 2—Pyro. 30 grains, water 10 oz. In case of an ordinary exposure mix equal vol. Iron Developer.—Potassium oxalate sol. (1 and 4) 80 parts, ferrous sulphate sol. (1 and 4) 20 parts, dist. water 20 parts. To each 4 oz. of the mixed developer add from 5 to 30 drops ten percent, sol. potassium bromide, and 30 drops sol. sodium hyposulphite (1 and 200). Substratum or Preliminary Preparation.—Soluble silicate of soda 1 part, white of egg 5 parts, water 60 parts. Beat to froth and filter. Fixing.—Sat. sol. of sod. hypo. 1 pint, sat. sol. of alum 2 pints, mixed. Cowell’s Clearing Solution.—Alum 1 part, citric acid 2 parts, water 10 parts. Edwards makes this sherry coloured with perchloride iron. Eder’s MIethod of Intensification.—The negative is whitened by soaking in sat. sol. of mercuric chloride, and after thorough rinsing immersed in potass, cyan. lOparts, potass, iod. 5 parts, mercuric chloride 5 parts, water 2,000 parts. As film becomes dark brown, the actinic opacity is increased; but prolonged action causes brown tint to become lighter, until at last the negative is no denser than at first. Fol’s Backing Sheets.—A chromographic paste is prepared with gelatine 1 part, water 2 parts, glycerine 1 part, and a very small addition of Indian ink. Strong paper or shirting is coated, and the sheets are laid, face downward, on waxed glass to set. Press to back of glass plate. Tiie Wet Collodion Process. The Nitrate Bath.—Water 14 oz., nit. silver 1 oz., nitric acidl drop. Before using coat a small plate, and immerse it for 20 minutes. Cleaning Preparation for New Plates.—Alcohol 4 oz., Jewel ler’s rouge -oz., liquid ammonia 2-0. Film-removing Pickle for Old Plates.—Water 1 pint, sulphuric acid 4 fluid oz., bichromate potassium 4 oz. Substratum.—Whites of 2 eggs well beaten, 6 pints of water, and 1 dr. liq. am mon. Negative Collodion for Iron Development.—Alcohol 1 pint, pyroxyline of suitable quality 250 grains, shake well and add ether 2 pints. Iodize this by mixing with one-third of its volume of alcohol A pint, iod* amnion. 80 grains, iod. cadm. 80 grains, brom, ammon. 40 grains. Normal Iron Developer.—Water 10 oz., proto-sulphate iron } 0z. glacial acetic acid oz., alcohol J oz. The amount of proto-sulphate iron may be diminished to 4 oz. when full contrasts are desired, or increased to 1 oz. when contrasts are unduly marked. With new bath quantity of alcohol may be reduced to { oz.; but when bath is old more is wanted. Intensifying Solution.—Water 6 oz., citric acid 75 grains, pyro. 30 grains. When used, add a few drops of the silver bath to each ounce. Lead Intensification.—After neg. washing, immerse in dist. water 100 parts, red pruss. potash 6 parts, and nit. lead 4 parts. When it is yellowish white wash and immerse in liquid sulphide ammon. 1 part, water 4 parts. Fixing Solution.—1. Potass, cyanide 200 grains, water 10 oz. 2. Sat sol. of sod. hypo. Varnish.—Shellac 2 oz., sandarac 2 oz., Canada balsam 1 dr., oil of lavender 1 oz., alcohol 16 oz. Printing Processes. Albumen Mixture for Paper.—White of egg 18 oz., 500 grs. ammon. chlor, in 2 oz. of water. Beat to a froth, stand, and filter. Sensitizing Solution.—Nit. silver 50 grs., water 1 oz., sod. carb.g Acetate Toning Bath.—Chi. gold 1 gr., acet, soda 20 grs.. water 80 Lime do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., whiting 30 grs., boiling water 8 oz., sat. Soh chi. lime 1 drop. Filter cold. Bicarbonate do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., bicarb, soda 3 grs., water 8 oz. Fixing Bath.—Sodium hypo. 4 oz.. water 1 pint, liq. ammon. 30 drop 5 * Reducer for Deep Prints.—Cyan, potass. 5 grs., liq. ammon. 5 drops water 1 pint. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax 1 oz., oil of turpentine 5 oz. Sensitizing Bath for Carbon Tissue.—Bichromate potash 1402 water 30 oz., ammonia 1 dr., methylated spirit 4 oz. . Enamel Collodion.—Tough pyroxyline 120 grs., methylated alcoho 10 oz., ether 10 oz., castor oil 20 drops. Mountant.—1. Fresh solution of best white gum. 2. Fresh starch. Collotypic Substratum.—Soluble glass 3 parts, white of egg 7 parts water 10 parts. Collotypic Sensitive Coating.—Bichromate potash } oz., geld" tine 22 oz., water 22 oz. Collotypic Etching Fluid.—Glycerine 150 parts, ammonia50 parts saltpetre 5 parts, water 25 parts. Printing on Fabric.—Remove all dressing from fabric by boilin in water containing a little potash, dry, and albumenize with ammonii chloride 2 grammes, water 250 cubic cents., and the -white of 2 eggs, being well beaten together. A 70-grain silver bath is used, and the remain' ing operations are as for paper. Cyanotype Printing.—Water 1 oz., red prussiate of potash (fe, cyanide) 1 dr., ammonio citrate of iron 1 dr. Prepare and preserve in • dark. Float the paper and dry. Fixation by mere soaking in water. Various. , c Luckardt’s Retouching Varnish.—Alcohol 300 parts, sandt" 50 parts, camphor 5 parts, castor oil 10 parts, Venice turpentine 5 Parlms Matt Varnish.—Sandarac 18 parts, mastic 4 parts, ether 200 Pa ‘ benzole 80 to 100 parts. , _. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax, in shreds, 1 oz., turpentine ”° dissolve in gentle heat, and apply cold with piece of flannel. Ferrotypes. . e -;ns. Collodion.—Ammonium iodide 35 grains, cadmium iodide 48150, cadmium bromide 20 grains, pyroxyline 70 grains, alcohol 5 Ozeetne Bath.— Silver nitrate 1 oz., water 10 oz., nitric acid 1 drop. _16y. Developer.—Ferrous sulphate 1 oz., glac. acetic acid 1 oz., water • Fixing and Varnish.—Same as wet collodion process.
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