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- 27.1883
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- No. 1297, July 13, 1883
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443 view. arrangement whereby, after the portrait has been exposed and the lens capped for a moment, the transparency shall then be PHOTOGRAPHING A DENE-HOLE. BY ARNOLD SPILLER. A favourable wind carried us swiftly towards Hawaii, and to enable us to visit the famous crater of Kilanea, the largest continuously active volcano, I believe, in the world, Captain Carpenter anchored the Hartjord in the harbour of Hilo. We took a few photographs the following afternoon, and the next day started on our way up the mountain. Whilst there, a message was sent to Captain Carpenter, conveying intelligence of the death of Princess Ruth, with a request from the King to be taken to Honolulu with his suite. We hastened down from the mountain, got on board once more, and steamed swiftly to the Hawaiian capital. Here we had to take our leave of the Hartford and its genial officers, not without great regret. In Honolulu we had to stay several days, giving me an opportunity to take a few more views. The Zealandiacame in on the 3rd of June. Once more we had to cross the sea, and after a cold and rather rough passage found ourselves at San Francisco. To-morrow (the 15th) we go on board the San Jose, which will take us down the Mexican coast to Panama, and from that place, or rather from Colon, we shall take one of the Steam Packet Company’s vessels for England. there “holes,” which are supposed to have been em ployed in pre-historic times as store or dwelling-houses, more especially in time of threatened invasion. The Dene-holes Exploration Committee, under the leadership of Mr. T. V. Holmes, F.G.S., are now investigating these caves, and permitted me to take the photographs on the 16th June, the occasion of the joint meeting of the Essex Field Club and the Geologists’ Association. The hole which we descended is marked No. 3 by the above committee; it is connected with the surface by a shaft eighty feet deep, by about three and a-half feet in dia meter, and it is believed that in ancient times the ascents and descents were made in the same way as the boys used to sweep cbimnies, for in several places there are holes on opposite sides of the shaft corresponding to foot-steps. The cave is star-shaped, and consists of six chambers, each about eighteen feet high, ten feet wide, and twenty feet in length ; but in consequence of sand falling down the shaft, and forming a mound some fifteen feet high, it is only possible to include one chamber in each photo graph. For the light, magnesium burning in oxygen was employed ; two quart bottles of the gas, and two feet of the metal in the form of ribbon, being used for an expo sure, and in consequence of the gas being only partially consumed during one exposure, the same volume could be employed twice. To focus the picture, candles were placed in different parts of the chambers, so that, although all that was visible on the ground-glass were a few bright specks, by a little skill and calculation it was possible to adjust the camera to take in the required field of view, and at the same time be approximately in focus. Then, to take the photograph, the camera was placed on a stand about two feet above the sand mound, on which one of the lights was placed immediately beneath the lens, a sheet of white cardboard being employed as a reflector ; the other light was placed at one side of the chamber, but concealed from The above diagram shows a plan of the cave, and the mode of arranging the lights. HOW TO MAKE A PICTORIAL BACKGROUND* DISCLAIMTNG all originality in the process to be described, it is still one that is scarcely known among photographers, and more especially that class for whom this article is specially intended. The advantage of being able to make negatives with pictorial backgrounds without having to incur the expense of a costly- painted screen to be placed behind the sitter, will be appreciated. Procure a number of transparencies, either from nature, engravings, or paintings, of such subjects as are desired to be introduced in the background, and have in the camera an in cast-off European garments are not sufficiently in teresting. There might have been some pleasure in posing a troop of warriors clothed in tattoo marks and war paint, even if it did expose us to the dangers of premature death and unconventional burial. Civilization robs the world of a deal of her charms, though it does add to her comfort. Only twice did I get a fair chance of attempting pictures, but then I was fairly successful. A group of coaco-nut trees, with their ringed stems and spreading crests; the pandanus, with its singular bunch of roots above the ground ; the lagoon appearing through the trees, with the line of surf in the distance, will not fail to bring up pleasing reminiscences in days to come. Had there only been time, one might have obtained a portfolio of tropical foliage and the scenery characteristic of coral islands. Plates were chiefly developed at night. A temporary dark room in the tropics is uncomfortably warm and suffocating, and, in addition, heavy rainfalls, altogether unbargaiued for, necessitated the re-covering of the window each time the dark-room was required, and it was better to cover it up and use artificial light. All our eclipse photographs were developed at night, and M. Pasteur— M. Janssen’s assistant—did the same thing. Blisters gave us some trouble, but I succeeded in developing all our scientific photographs without their appearance. I put down their appearance to the use of too hard a film. M. Janssen also used gelatine plates, and his pictures were good. His photographs of the corona, so far as I could judge, perfectly resembled our own. On the day after the eclipse, M. Pasteur took a successful photograph of the whole of the people on the island, even to the Kanakas, in one of his largest cameras. Wednesday, May 9th, saw all our cases packed and safely stowed away in the hold of the Hartford, and ere the sun went down we left the island behind. Several brick piers, the framework of a tent or two, and an extensive litter of emptied meat and fruit cans, remain to mark the scene of our labours ; I might also add, a piece of stone inscribed by no skilful hand with this legend, “ U. S. Eclipse Expedition, 1883.” The following short account of a successful experiment in subterranean photography, which I recently made con jointly with Mr. Brougham Young, may perhaps be worthy of record. The subject was one of the chalk caves known as Dene-holes. No doubt most of the readers are aware I intorogea between the lens and the sensitive plate, and as close that dotted about the country, on both sides of the Thames, te latter as convenient. The sitter is then requested to are several groups of these caves. In Hangman’s Wood, I — —— at Grays Thurroch, there are no less than seventy of | ’ Photogra/kic Times,
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