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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1297, July 13, 1883
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titel
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438 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS [July 13, 1883. sitter, or else behind the background, otherwise we should have a straight line up the centre of the picture. The best kind of reflector for use is a curved one, and its use is increased by also placing it on a stand similar to a head rest. Care should always be taken to see that the reflex is even on both eyes, and that it is on the side from which the light comes, otherwise your lighting is certain to be flat, and partake of the nature of an open-air picture. It is not advisable to take Rembrandt or semi-Rembrandt pictures of people with light eyes ; for eyes that are deeply sunk, nearly full face is the best, and a sloping reflector should be placed on the ground in front. Small eyes are usually better portrayed looking a trifle upwards, and staring eyes the reverse. Blue eyes are often better look ing downwards. The eyes should never be looking farther round than the face ; on the contrary, if they are fixed on an object a little nearer the camera, the result is more natural. In the case of a "Tennysonian ” or “ tip-tilted ” nose, the camera should be raised and the lens looking down wards, or the picture will give you the impression of looking up the nostrils. If the nose is large, take it from the side towards which it inclines ; if small, the reverse ; for, strange as it may seem, not one nose in twenty is quite straight. With very high cheek-bones, a profile, or as nearly full face as possi ble, should be taken, but never a three-quarter or seven eighth-inch face, which would exaggerate the effect on the shadowed side. Take a small mouth, full, especially if the shape be good; but a large mouth, show as little as possible of—let the model be smelling a flower or coquetting with a fan rather than show the whole mouth. Keep the hair as light as possible ; in cases of golden brown, red, or chestnut hair, powder must be used to produce a natural result. The hands are, perhaps, the most difficult part to deal with. They should never be brought more forward than the face, and, so far as possible, be always kept in half-tone, and the projecting part under the little finger should be made to rest on something, as otherwise it increases the apparent size. With old or hard-featured people, it is a safe rule to light as much as possible from the front, and to have very little shadow. It is advisable to have a movable stand with a picture upon it to use as an eye-rest; and don’t forget to tell your model that he or she may blink the eyes, thus avoiding a fixed strong look in the eyes. A dark curtain is a useful accessory, not necessarily to come in the picture, but to throw a shadow on the background ; and it should be noted in the first place that the background itself should in no case be darker than the darkest shadow in the hair, and in the second, that the darkest part of the background should be in closest proximity to the lightest side of the figure. When painted exterior or interior backgrounds are used, or when combination printing is resorted to, great care should be taken to observe that the lighting on the figure and on the background correspond. I have frequently seen photographs in which the reverse was the case, and in one instance remember seeing a window represented close by the shadowed side of the face of the model: possi bly it was what Faddy would call a “ dark window.” AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY. Complete outfits for amateur photographers have struck the bed rock price of $7.85. We say this more in sorrow than in anger, and would gladly draw a wet blanket over the harrowing scenes in the future, and nail on with a lariat safety pin. There is trouble ahead. People are not going to stand it. There is enough imposition now stalking through the land, like a bovine somnambulist over the garden truck, without this new and added infliction. The man with his hand on the public pulse can inform you that the great swearing public proposes to kick against amateur photography. Fortunate parties that have, so far, escaped being focussed by a soft-eyed youth with a brass wood camera, just for the sake of an ideal friendship, “ don’t chew know,” may not be adequately prepared to profoundly sympathize with the tone of this article. But we mean business, even though we are obliged in the course of our duty to the public to sit down on the amateur photographer and smash all his chemicals. An amateur photographer’s advertisement says that the $7.85 outfit is an attractive addition to the furniture of any parlour; that it will receive a warm welcome from the home circle ; and that for ladies it will prove a pleasant amusement in making sittings of their visitors, and be taken along on picnics and excursions, packed up in the same hamper with the cold yellow-legged chicken and deviled codfish. That is all well enough to talk about in scientific circles. The pale savant with the languid liver, and the watch-eyed Boston girl may haunt the highways with camera and tripod, dry plates and a camp chair, but, for all that, amateur photography can never become the pronounced success that the speculative advertiser would have everybody believe. One of these visionary amateurs undertook to photograph Budd Doble in a sulky whose delicate, spider-web thills clung tenderly to the graceful sides of come into-the-garden Maud S. And when the dude took his plate out of the camera and looked at it, Maud S. was prone on her back, her four legs working a 104 gait toward the zenith, while Budd Doble was represented under the wreck of a twenty-five pound sulky, taking a drink out of a fifty-pound flask. Budd said that would never do in the world, and taking the negative away from the infatuated amateur, fie broke it into sixteen hundred pieces, and told him to go home and practise on some of his own family, and see how they liked it. An amateur photographer will take bis best girl, and put a mug on her that Talmage would blush to own, and, of course, this creates a coolness between the two for aye. When your best friends step up and examine the negative which you have taken, and turn suddenly around and chastise you on the spot, it is high time to go out of the amateur photography business, and try and get a job peddling peanuts in a circus.—“ Texas Siftings,” from The Eye. SULPHUR. BY CHARLES EHRMANN.* SULPHUR is au element well known for its great importance to the chemical and technical industries of the whole civilized world. It is the base of sulphuric acid, a factor without which all industrial efforts would come to a complete stoppage. When, in the year 1841, the,Government of Naples laid an export duty on sulphur, manufacturing England answered this measure with a declaration of war. And justly so. All the efforts of the chemist to produce sulphur from pyrites and sulphurets could not satisfy the demand for it. Without sulphur there cannot be any sulphuric acid, no muriatic acid, no chloride of lime, soap, soda, glass, &c. Even warlike powers would be condemned to everlasting peace for the want ol gunpowder. Sulphur is disseminated throughout the mineral kingdom—it occurs in the earth native or in combinations. When native, it is found either in translucent or opaque masses, or in a powdery state mixed with limestone, gypsum, slate, &c. In its purest form it is found in Italy, Sicily, Galicia, California (Santa Barbara), and many other places. In combination it occurs almost everywhere with iron, lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, copper and zinc, forming compounds called sulphurets. More extensively we find sulphur as sulphates, which as sulphate of calcium, barium, and other metallic bases constitute enormous mountainous masses. Sulphate of sodium is a companion of the chloride of sodium of sea water, and sulphates enter the organism of animals and plants. All proteine matter—albumen, glutin, casein—always contains sulphur. A full grown man is said to carry in his body four ounces of it. Sulphur is a non-metallic element; it is brittle, solid, pale yellow in colour, of crystalline texture and shining fracture. Its symbol is S, eq. number 16, and density 2. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alkaline solutions, petroleum, naphtha, * Read before the Association of Operative Photogaphers of New York.
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