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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1295, June 29, 1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
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JUNE 29, 1883. ] THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 413 fact of this decomposition, sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, and free sulphur are produced in the bath. This last pre cipitates in its turn sulphide of silver; it passes through a series of complex reactions, which explain the continual deposit of sulphide of silver, and at the present moment we cannot say at what point these successive decomposi tions stop. This question, over which we have spent too much time, brings forth another to be solved. Are negatives fixed under these conditions likely to be permanent? If it refers to prints, MM. Davanue and Girard do not hesitate to answer “No.” Prints fixed in a sulphurous bath will very soon change, but positives formed, not only of silver but of complex combinations coloured by light, are not in the same conditions as nega tives, the formation of which is due to the operation of a complete reduction by chemical agents in a relatively thick film. If the negatives have been well washed, it seems as if they ought to resist it; the experience of several years has already proved to us that negatives fixed in a sulphurous bath may remain without alteration, but the future can alone say how long. M. de la Ferronay has sent us the negatives in a kind of portfolio, to the"arrangement of whi-h we call atten tion ; it may, indeed, replace plate boxes, not only for transport, but also for storing. “As in this report the researches of MM. Davanne and Girard on prints have been cited, it should be called to mind that in studying the reactions of silver salts and hyposulphite of soda, we remarked upon the great sensi tiveness to light of the double salt (NaO, S205), (AgO, S203), which is formed if the silver salt is in excess of the hypo. The composition formed almost immediately de composes under the influence of light, giving off sulphide of silver. This reaction seems to us to explain easily a certain cloudiness of a yellowish brown, which is sometimes formed on negatives, and more particularly on those portions where the film is thickest, and which resists afterwards all efforts to bring back the negative to purity. This tint is, in fact, due to sulphide of silver. Hyposulphite of soda only gradually penetrates gela tine ; when it is saturated with silver in the upper films, it makes its way through to the under parts in the state of a double soluble salt, having the formula (NaO,S202)1 (AgO,S203) ; but then it comes in contact with an excess of bromide of silver, and becomes insoluble in water, likely to be attacked by light, decomposing, and giving up sulphide of silver, which colours the part brown during the fixing. In working by the aid of light in as concentrated hypo as the nature of gelatine allows, by avoiding films too thick this accident may be obviated. We now ask whether there are any relations between the sensitiveness of this composition, its facility of decom position, and the increased rapidity that M. Andra has indicated when a small quantity of hypo is added to the developer, which, coming in contact with a great excess of bromide of silver, would immediately leave a trace of this changeable salt ? ECHOES FROM THE ORIENT. BY EDWARD L. WILSON.* Petra—“The Rock City.” From the beginning of our journeyings, it had alway been our habit to rest on the Sabbath day. Upon no consideration would we break this rule, except it be that we were in actual danger, and such an occurrence did not happen to us but once. But it was not, alas ! always “ a day of rest.” The Sunday at Akabah was accompanied by a great deal more of noise and confusion than the peaceful ones we had at Mount Sinai and Wady Feiran ; * Philadelphia Photoffrapher.X yet even that was quiet and peaceful compared with the one which we had to endure in Petra. The children of Esau living near here did not wait until the dawn of day to make it hot for us, and to satisfy us that there was no such thing as ” peace in Petra.” We had not been long in their city before, while looking upon the facade of the pink temple of the Kuzneh, we heard the clash of hoofs coming through the gorge, and immediately there emerged therefrom five young sheiks upon horses, with long spears upon their shoulders. From that time the trouble began. They were quickly followed by a gang of fellahin, who clamoured and fought with each other for the privilege of showing us their city. Their project was to put through the business of the ex hibition in as quick time as possible, to receive their plunder from us, and to hurry us out as rapidly as they could—before the sun set. But not so ours. We had come to stay to do certain work, to make certain observations and views, and did not propose to leave so suddenly. Consequently each hour added to the number of claimants for baksheesh, and to the objections to a longer stay in their midst. True sons of Esau they were, and before morning gave us distinctly to understand that we need not expect any “ rest ” on the Sabbath day. Three rock caves directly back of where we encamped were occupied, one by our camel-drivers, and the others by the Fellahin of Petra. Their wrangling was continuous, and their howling purgatorial, not to say worse. Before we got through with them, exactions were made by this gang of robbers for barley, for horses, for segars, for gifts to each blackguard, for sheep, for a tax for each camel brought with us, a share for each fellah ; five dollars for a dinner for the lot, and two dollars for extra attendance, and another dollar each, and fifty cents each ; and one dollar more, and then fifty cents more for each one, after each consultation between them. And these very men were to be treated as our “ brother.” After each payment of money, the most fearful howling followed while it was being divided by the head sheik, Salim. We took our papers and books and fled to the uppermost tier of the theatre, to get a little comfort away from the noise, but we were not allowed to be alone. We were shadowed wherever we went, lest we should set fire to some of these imperishable temples or carry them away with us. We clambered to the tops of some of the cliffs, hoping to get away from part of the noise, but we could hear the wrangling loudly echoed wherever we went. What we saw was most dramatic and picturesque, but it was fearful. Monday we devoted to the inspection of the city and to making pictures. Twelve men with their horses accompanied us. We retraced our steps through the remarkable gorge (which has no equal in the world as to height or the wonderful rock formation of it sides) to feel the thing all over again. The continual winding, the gaudy colours, the views up and down, the light striking here and there, the clash of the horses’ hoofs (and it seemed as though the fellahin ‘must have hoofs too), the Bedouin spearmen, the noise cf the waters, the display of oleanders through the gorge, all made up the wildest, weirdest, most dramatic scene that one could possibly experience. We now had a better chance to see what there was to see than we had on Saturday afternoon, when we arrived. At the very entrance of the city is a necropolis. On the east there are three domes standing, square and solid, like monoliths ‘against the grey rocks and green bushes. On the left is a monument of singular formation and construction, with four slender pyramids above it, and some columns, all cleft out of the rock. Now we passed under the arch over the entrance into the cleft, and again returned to the city. The great walled passage seemed to twist and turn and wind more singularly than before. Sometimes the rocks nearly touched each other ; at other times completely shutting out the light; and at others they widened a little, or were joined by smaller cliffs from either side. The colours were all we had pictured them, and far more, and it added to the thrilling effect to have these wild men along, though no one thing was done to disturb us. Here and there we could see the grey, kiln-like peaks showing through the gorgeous fissures, which broke the walls in places with splendid effect. The gorge was always narrow, the stream running rapidly through. And now we drove on, our horses full of spirit and vim for the ride. Presently we neared the farther end of the cleft, whose aqueduct and depressions cut for statuary, for worshipped figures, and natural crevices and colours, make us look and wonder. Our passage was now through the stream, and now on the pebbly bottom, with torrent-marks all along. And all at once we are startled, as if we had not seen it before, by that most lovely
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