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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1883
- Sprache
- Englisch
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- F 135
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Public Domain Mark 1.0
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- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-188300004
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18830000
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- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18830000
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1285, April 20, 1883
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
- Ausgabe Ausgabe 1
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- Ausgabe Ausgabe 817
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titel
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Arm 20, 1883. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. 243 13°W. 159W. 2 min...9}° W. 1—2°C.3 26—28°C. 8°W, 10° w, essed in terms Plate.” Time of development 4 min. » , 3 min The nature of the developer used, has, of course, some influence on the sensitiveness of the plates ; but in the above cases it is assumed that oxalate developer, without any addition, is used ; or pyro., to which ammonia is added at intervals of about thirty seconds, so as to produce a slight tendency to fog; the time of development being from three to four minutes. The numbers are supposed to be read after fixation, the plate being held against the sky. Schumann’s statement that a gelatino-bromide plate is less sensitive when developed at 30 Q G., than when developed at 5°, is contested ; the more recent investiga tions of Dr. Eder serving to demonstrate that a developer at a moderate high temperature acts very much more rapidly than when the temperature is low ; but when a sufficient time is allowed for each developer to thoroughly penetrate the film, the difference becomes less apparent. Here are examples:— obtains will be published in a large volume de luxe by the Scovill Manufacturing Company, of New York. As every body knows, Mr. Muybridge was most warmly welcomed during his last visit to Europe, and the encouragement he then received has induced him to undertake a yet more extended investigation. In his announcement respecting this new research he says : “ The photographs I have hitherto made have been simply experimental, but the immense value of the information to be obtained by a carefully executed and more exhaustive series of investiga tions has been abundantly and conclusively recognized by the most eminent artists and art critics,” &c. Most of our readers are familiar with the method in which Mr. Muybridge secures his instantaneous photo graphs of moving animals. Those hitherto taken have been produced with wet collodion with a very rapidly moving drop shutter, or rather shutter acted upon with powerful elastic springs, Mr. Muybridge putting the exposure at one ten-thousandth part of a second. We may at once say that this period is purely imaginary, and it is very doubtful whether the exposure is so brief as 10 of a second ; still, whatever the precise duration, it is very certain that Mr. Muybridge secures an exceedingly sharp image even of a galloping horse. In his new experiments, Mr. Muybridge will employ gelatine plates as a matter of course, but unless he has recourse to some other form of shutter—say to a revolving disc, or similar method—the period of pose cannot be further shortened. There is, however, no need why a shorter pose should be resorted to. We give a sketch of Mr. Muybridge’s out-door studio or track which was constructed at Palo Alto, in California, in 1878, and which will at once make clear his arrangement for photographing animals in motion. In this case there are thirty cameras in a row. They work automatically, the drop shutters being moved by electricity, as the horse or other animal touches one of the threads stretched across his path. These threads, of which there are thirty—answering to the number of cameras— are mere gossamer lines, and do not require even to be broken, in order that exposure may be made by the par ticular camera in connection; a mere touching or straining of the thread brings about exposure. Consecutive photo graphs are thus secured during a complete stride of the horse or any other animal moving along the track, the photographs being recorded at regular intervals at discre tion of the experimentalist, from one second to the hundredth part of a second. Besides the row of automatic cameras, there are five—our sketch shows three of them— which, at the time of the experiment, are placed at different points of the studio track, and in this way, pictures from as many points of view are simultaneously obtained, illustrating fore-shortenings of various attitudes of motion. “The Attitudes of Man, the Horse, and other Animals in motion,” is the title of Mr. Muybridge’s new work, which, as we have said, is to be published by subscriptions of one hundred dollars. Especially to the painter, the sculptor, and the physiologist, is the book intended as a work of reference, and there cannot be a doubt that it will be exceedingly valuable to every student of animal mechanism. Emulsion with Carbonate of Silver in Ammonium Carbonate. —When a solution of silver nitrate is decomposed with ammonium carbonate, a white precipitate of silver carbonate is first thrown down ; but excess of the ammonium salt serves to re-dissolve this. Such a prepara tion slowly evolves carbonic acid, even in the cold. A very good solution is obtained by dissolving 1 part of silver nitrate and 1 part of fresh (transparent) carbonate of ammonium in 200 parts of water, a very gentle heat being applied until the evolution of gas slackens. Such a solution is used precisely in the same way as the ammoni- DR. EDER’S RECENT EXPERIMENTAL INVESTI GATIONS ON GELATINO-BROMIDE. Dr. Eder has recently published, in the Correspondenz, the first of a series of articles embodying the results of his more recent work on gelatino-bromide; and we now repro duce the substance of the article in a somewhat abstracted form. The “sensitiveness of a wet” plate continues to be used as a rough-and-ready standard of comparison ; and, notwithstanding the fact that it is physically impossible to exactly compare the sensitiveness of a wet plate with that of a gelatino-bromide film, it is convenient to refer to wet plates as some kind of a rough standard. Experiments have shown that a gelatine plate which gives the number 10 on the Warnerke sensitometer, may be regarded as approximately corresponding to the average wet plate; and setting out from this point, the following table has been constructed :— A.— Oxalate Developer. Temperature of developer 4—8°C. 16—17°C 26—280C. Time of development! min...3° W. B.—Pyrogallic Developer. Temperature of developer ... 1 ' ...6°W. ... 10"W. 14°W. ... 15°W. Sensitometer Sensitiveness, expr number. of a “ Wet 10 ... 1 11 14 12 14 13 21 11 • • • • • 3 15 ... 4 16 5 17 • 7 18 9 19 12 20 16 21 21 22 27 23 36 24 48 25 63
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