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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1284, April 13, 1883
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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April 13, 1883.J THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS 237 landscape and figure respectively, from which one of each was selected, it was a great pity to lose the whole of the unselected subjects, and he would therefore ask each member, in the event of. his proposed subject not being the one selected, to bear it in mind for another time. The subjects for the present month were then ballotted for in the usual way, with the following results: Landscape, " A Shady Nook ; " Figure, « Dignity and Impudence.” Mr. H. Trueman Wood gave a description of « The Methods by which the Vocal Organs have been Photographed,” and com menced by remarking that he had been surprised to learn that such a topic would prove acceptable to the meeting, as these subjects were not generally of so much interest to the members as those with which they could themselves deal. With a view of attempting to show the applicability of photography to medical research, endeavours had been made by the aid of the lime light to obtain photographs of the vocal organs, but the need of a more powerful means of iliumination became obvious; and he had been only too glad to put the electric light apparatus of the Society of Arts at the disposal of Herr Emil Behnke and Mr. Lennox Browne, who had carried out the former experiments, for the purpose of attempting to produce better results. Before giving the meeting the results of these efforts, Mr. Wood wished to demonstrate what it was required to photograph, and showed in the lantern a diagram of the human head in section, pointing out the different vocal organs which it was necessary to reach with the camera. He said that Herr Behnke’s idea had originally been that it would be preferable to use two lights, and accord ingly he (Mr. Wood) had obtained, by the kindness of Messrs. Siemens Bros., the loan of two of their lamps. It was well known that the electric arc gave out great heat,and it was therefore neces sary to use some sort of screen, which, in the first experiments, was simply a globe filled with alum, to prevent the heat going down the throat when the light was thrown on to the organs. Their first efforts had been made in this way, and with sufficient success to obtain better photographs than had been got previously, which encouraged them to try for results still better. While they were working with these appliances, an important ally came into the field in the presence of Mr. James Cadett. Mr. Cadett, Herr Behnke, and he himself spent the better part of a day work ing with these rough apparatus, and they arrived at the conclusion that something better must be devised, also that the second light was unnecessary, but that a good strong light right down the throat was essential. It was necessary to so arrange the light as to send it straight down the throat in such a manner that Herr Behnke should at the same time be enabled to see that the mirror was in the proper position, and that the picture reflected directly into the camera lens. This could only be done by put ting the mirror in front of the camera, which would be rather an obstruction to taking the photograph; but Mr. Cadett had devised a method of getting over that difficulty. Mr. Wood then asked Herr Behnke to place himself in position, and that gentleman proceeded to illustrate the manner in which the photograph was taken. He used a small circular mirror of about 1, inch diameter with a handle so bent as to enable him to place it in such a position at the back of the mouth that a reflection of the vocal organs was thrown on to it by the aid of the electric light projected down the throat. By means of the second mirror, in the camera, Herr Behnke was able to place the smaller mirror in position in his throat so as to throw the reflection of the vocal organs directly into the camera lens. It was necessary to warm the small mirror before inserting it, to prevent its becoming dim while in the throat. Having succeeded in obtaining the requisite position, Herr Behnke proceeded to sing a series of notes, and the members were enabled to notice the various changes of the organs with the different tones. Mr. Wood then explained that in photographing the organs the ex posure was made at soon as Herr Behnke succeeded in seeming the right position, and he showed on the screen some of the nega tives which they had taken, and also passed round some prints from the same. Mr. Charles Stevens asked what length of exposure was given. Mr. Wood replied that they had tried various exposures, from a quarter of a second up to one second, but Mr. Cadett con sidered the short exposure the best. The Chairman thanked Mr. Wood for giving their Society the first opportunity of bringing this most interesting matter before the public. He did not think he should be saying too much if he considered it the first step in what might prove very impor tant scientific investigations. He felt some diffidence in attempting to speak on such a matter, on which he though they ought to have the opinions of medical men ; and as he taw Dr. Mann present, he hoped that gentleman would not leave the room without giving them the benefit of his views. He, however, looked upon this matter in another aspect also, and that was the proof it gave them of the very great value of photo graphy. No doubt the experiments which had been made would lead to investigations ■which would prove of great value in throwing more light upon diseases of the throat and voice, incident to public speakers and singers, and moreover he ventured to affirm that there was a very large amount of interest attaching to the subject scientifically, in exhibiting the different appearances of the human throat in health and disease, and he believed medical science would derive very much benefit from it. In proposing a cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Wood, he begged to include the names of Messrs. James Cadett, Emil Behnke, and Lennox Browne, which having been heartily accorded, Dr. Mann said it was impossible for him to do otherwise than respond to the President’s request that he should say a few words on this interesting topic, and he entirely endorsed what that gentleman had said about the importance of the fact that what had been done so far was a first step, and a first step only. Hitherto they had had no means of getting such representations of these vocal organs, and the great value of photography had been demonstrated by the success of the efforts already made in this direction, in so far as, being once possessed of a good impression of a vital part, they had it on record for all times. This he conceived to be the one great point of importance attaching to the work now being done. He (Dr. Mann) also illustrated, by sketches on th e blackboard, the appearances of the vocal organs when producing different tones, and the regions where diseases of the throat,, &c., occurred. In reply to a question, Mr. Wood stated that the lens he used was a Hoss’ symmetrical 8 by 5 rapid, and said that Messrs. Ross had very kindly undertaken to lend him a pair of smaller lenses mounted stereoscopically, so that one could be used as a finder. He wished to mention that very energetic help had been accorded to them by Mr. Ackworth, and asked to be allowed to include the name of that gentleman in the vote of thanks. The Chairman asked Herr Behnke what was the extreme range of voice, maximum and minimum, obtainable, and whether so great a difference as an octave could be got. Herr Behnke replied that it would be quite possible to go over the whole compass of the voice. He could easily sing over an octave and a half, and then it would be perceived that there were very great differences, particularly with regard to the registers of the voice ; but differences of semitones would be quite indiscernible to the eye. He wished to say a few words respect ing the object of what they were doing. The photographs of the soft palate which had been shown were original. As they had seen, the soft palate took different positions in the produc tion of different qualities of the voice, and this influence of the soft palate on the qualities of the voice had never been shown before. Photography, he said, could not lie, and when people saw photographs of these things, they would know that they must be correct. He had tried some twelve years ago to obtain photographs of the larynx, by the aid of lime-light, but without much success, and what had been shown at the present meeting were but their first attempts with the electric light. They had, however, been able to show the different formations of the vocal ligaments in the production of two registers at least, and he hoped, and had no doubt, they would yet be more successful. Mr. Lennox Browne wished to draw the attention of the Society to the fact that these experiments showed how difficul ties might be overcome when they arose, and the way in which Mr. Cadett had arranged the mirror in front of the shutter, &c., was highly commendable. Personally, he was deeply indebted both to Mr. Cadett and Mr. Wood, and he congratulated the Society on having brought the matter to such a successful in auguration. It was announced that the successful competitor in this month’s artistic competition was Mr. John Nesbit. The meeting then adjourned. London and Provincial Photographic Association. At the meeting of the above, held at the Mason’s Hall Tavern, on the5thinst., Mr. W. Coles in the chair,— Mr. W. E. DEBEN ham passed round a number of prints sent him by a friend, which were covered with small reddish-brown
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