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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 27.1883
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- 1883
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1282, March 30, 1883
- Digitalisat
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Register Index III
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Band
Band 27.1883
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- Titel
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scopic aspect, spots faculse, and so forth; its coloured flames, coronal streamers ; and its relation to the suns which are strewn in countless millions throughout the depths of space. There were more than forty illuminated and largely magnified illus trations. A disc twice as large as the great fifteen feet disc shown last week was exhibited, and will be used during the re maining lectures of the course. PHOTOGRAPHIC Club.—At the next meeting of this Club, April 4, the subject for discussion will be “On the Sensi tiveness of Gelatine Plates by Various Formul." To Gorresgonents. #,* We cannot undertake to return rejected communications. A Lover of Art.—Thanks. We will try it as soon as we have leisure. A. Wright.—Thank you for your note, and the information con tained therein, which shall certainly be acted on. A. Donald.—It will give us much pleasure to make some experi - ments with it. G-. M. (Glasgow).—Received. Next week. J. B. White.—If rendered alkaline by carbonate of soda, and exposed to sunlight for a long time, it may become workable again; but we should prefer to prepare a fresh solution. Acid.—1. The potass salt will not answer the same purpose as the baryta salt. 2. Use boiling water. R. Tindall.—1. About whole-plate. 2. It depends on how near the object is to be to the camera ; and, moreover, the lenses vary to some extent; but we should think 18 inches would be ample in ordinary cases. 3. One-fifth of the equivalent focus. 4. Ranging from a quarter of an inch to one inch. Revived.—An article will appear shortly. J. Borston.—We should advise you to obtain Captain Abney’s u Instruction in Photography.” R. P.—1.—We have found that if the methylated solvents are of good quality, they answer satisfactorily; but some commeicial samples are far too impure. 2. If the glass fits extremely well into the rebates, ordinary black varnish will answer; otherwise you must use marine glue. 3. It appears to us that you must be mistaken. A. Dresser.—Write to Mr. Atkinson, cf Liverpool. C. M. R.—It is often done, but such a course is not to be recom mended. F. Stuart Seed.—It is very curious indeed. Thanks. Hr H. (Burton-on-Trent).—That given in the “ Formulary ” may be taken as an average, but it must be modified according to circumstances. No hard and fast rule, applicable in every case, can be laid down. P. R. Green.—Try Eder’s method of intensification, as described in the Tear-Book. Amateur.—In your case, we think the rolling press will prove the more suitable. F. R. B.—It means that the exposure required is from one-tenth to one-twentieth of that which would be required in the case of a wet collodion plate. W. S. S.—We imagine that you are wrong from a legal point of view, as the copyright of the picture belongs to the customer ; you have therefore no right to make use of it. Pantaleon.—If it dissolved as you say, it was certainly a spurious one, and the solution is valueless. A solution of gold in aqua regia contains chloride of gold, but the excess of acid must be removed by evaporation over a water bath. Nemo.—We congratulate you on your success, and hope you will still farther advance. The paper will be found in our volume for 1880, page 568. G. Forster.—1. The surface of the glass has become thoroughly disintegrated by the long continued action of the hot liquid. 2. A moderate red heat will answer the purpose. 3. Either benzole or light mineral oil. Chas. Pendred.—1. A sheet of glass is warmed, and one face is rubbed over with a piece of wax; after which all excess is polished off with a flannel. The waxed side is now coated with collodion, and when the film has set, the plate is allowed to remain in water until no appearance of greasiness remains; after which the wet print is squeegeed, face downwards, on the collodionised surface. When the print is dry it can be stripped from the plate, and it brings with it the collodion film. E. J. F.—1. It has undergone some kind of putrefactive fermenta tion which would certainly render it unfit for use. 2. Strong nitric acid will remove the stains at once. 3. Wood soaked in melted paraffin wax answers very well. We are under the impression that Mr. Foxlee exhibited a bath of this kind at one of the technical meetings. 4. A weak solution of magenta dye. 5. Not unless the boiling were continued during several hours. Keswick.—The precipitate is iodide of silver, and you can either allow it to subside, or separate it by filtration. THE EVERY-DAY FORMULARY. The GELATINO-BROMIDE Process. Emulsion.—A—Nit. silver 100 grains, dist. water 2 oz. B—Bromide potassium 85 grains, Nelson’s No. 1 gelatine 20 grains, dist. water 12 0z,.a one per cent, mixture of hydrochloric acid and water 50 minims. C—Iodide potassium 8 grains, dist. water A oz. D—Hard gelatine 120 grains, water several oz. W hen the gelatine is thoroughly soaked, let all possible water be poured off D. A and B are now heated to about 120° Fahr., after which B is gradually added to A with constant agitation; C is then added. Heat in. water bath for half an hour, and stir in D. After washing add i oz. alcohol. Pyro. Developer.—No. 1—Strong liq. ammonia 11 oz., bromide potas sium 240 grains, water 80 oz. No. 2—Pyro. 30 grains, water 10 oz. In case of an ordinary exposure mix equal vol. Iron Developer.—Potassium oxalate sol. (1 and 4) 80 parts, ferrous sulphate sol. (1 and 4) 20 parts, dist. water 20 parts. To each 4 oz. of the mixed developer add from 5 to 30 drops ten percent, sol. potassium bromide, and 30 drops sol. sodium hyposulphite (1 and 200). Substratum or Preliminary Preparation.—Soluble silicate of soda 1 part, white of egg 5 parts, water 60 parts. Beat to froth and filter. Fixing.—Sat. sol. of sod. hypo. 1 pint, sat. sol. of alum 2 pints, mixed. Cowell’s Clearing Solution.—Alum 1 part, citric acid 2 parts, water 10 parts. Edwards makes this sherry coloured with perchloride iron. Eder’s Method of Intensification.—The negative is whitened by soaking in sat. sol. of mercuric chloride, and after thorough rinsing immersed in potass, cyan. lOparts, potass, iod. 5 parts, mercuric chloride 5 parts, water 2,000 parts. As film becomes dark brown, the actinic opacity is increased; but prolonged action causes brown tint to become lighter, until at last the negative is no denser than at first. Fol’s Backing Sheets.—A chromographic paste is prepared with gelatine 1 part, water 2 parts, glycerine 1 part, and a very small addition of Indian ink. Strong paper or shitting is coated, and the sheets are laid, face downward, on waxed glass to set. Press to back of glass plate. The Wet Collodion Process. The Nitrate Bath.—Water 14 oz., nit. silver 1 oz., nitric acid 1 drop. Before using coat a small plate, and immerse it for 20 minutes. Cleaning Preparation for New Plates.—Alcohol 4 oz., Jewel ler’s rouge 4-oz., liquid ammonia 2-oz. Film-removing Pickle for Old Plates.—Water 1 pint, sulphuric acid 4 fluid oz., bichromate potassium 4 oz. Substratum.—Whites of 2 eggs well beaten, 6 pints of water, and 1 dr. liq. ammon. Negative Collodion for Iron Development.—Alcohol 1 pint, pyroxyline of suitable quality 250 grains, shake well and add ether 2 pints. Iodize this hy mixing with one-third of its volume of alcohol 1 pint, iod. ammon. 80 grains, iod. cadm. 80 grains, brom, ammon. 40 grains. Normal Iron Developer.—Water 10 oz., proto-sulphate iron 1 oz., glacial acetic acid 2 oz., alcohol f oz. The amount of proto-sulphate iron may be diminished to 4 oz. when full contrasts are desired, or increased to 1 oz. when contrasts are unduly marked. With new bath quantity of alcohol may be reduced to } oz.; but when bath is old more is wanted. Intensifying Solution.—Water 6 oz., citric acid 75 grains, pyro. 30 grains. When used, add a few drops of the silver bath to each ounce. Lead Intensification.—After neg. washing, immerse in dist. water 100 parts, red pruss. potash 6 parts, and nit. lead 4 parts. When it is yellowish white wash and immerse in liquid sulphide ammon. 1 part, water 4 parts. Fixing Solution.—1. Potass, cyanide 200 grains, water 10 oz. 2. Sat. sol. of sod? hypo. Varnish.—Shellac 2 oz., sandarac 2 oz., Canada balsam 1 dr., oil of lavender 1 oz., alcohol 16 oz. Printing Processes. Albumen Mixture for Paper.—White of egg 18 oz., 500 grs, ammon. chlor, in 2 oz. of water. Beat to a froth, stand, and filter. Sensitizing Solution.—Nit. silver 50 grs., water 1 oz., sod. carb. 1 gr. Acetate Toning Bath.—Chi. gold 1 gr., acet, soda 20 grs.. water 8 oz. Lime do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., whiting 30 grs., boiling water 8 oz., sat. sol. chi. lime 1 drop. Filter cold. Bicarbonate do.—Chi. gold 1 gr., bicarb, soda 3 grs., water 8 oz. Fixing Bath.-Sodium hypo. 4 oz.. water 1 pint,liq. ammon. 30 drops. Reducer for Deep Prints.—Cyan, potass. 5 grs., liq. ammon. 5 drops, water 1 pint. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax 1 oz., oil of turpentine 5 oz. Sensitizing Bath for Carbon Tissue.—Bichromate potash 1, oz„ water 30 oz., ammonia 1 dr., methylated spirit 4 oz. Enamel Collodion.—Tough pyroxyline 120 grs., methylated alcohol 10 oz., ether 10 oz., castor oil 20 drops. Mountant.—1. Fresh solution of best white gum. 2. Fresh starch. Collotypic Substratum.—Soluble glass 3 parts, white of egg 7 parts, water 10 parts. Collotypic Sensitive Coating.—Bichromate potash } oz., gela tine 22 oz., water 22 oz. Collotypic Etching Fluid.—Glycerine 150 parts, ammonia50 parts, saltpetre 5 parts, water 25 parts. Printing on Fabric.—Remove all dressing from fabric by boiling in water containing a little potash, dry, and albumenize with ammonium chloride 2 grammes, water 250 cubic cents., and the white of 2 eggs, all being well beaten together. A 70-grain silver bath is used, and the remain ing operations are as for paper. Cyanotype Printing.—Water 1 oz., red prussiate of potash (ferri- cyanide) 1 dr., ammonio citrate of iron 1 dr. Prepare and preserve in the dark. Float the paper and dry. Fixation bj mere soaking in water. Various. Luckardt's Retouching Varnish.—Alcohol 300 parts, sandarao 50 parts, camphor 5 parts, castor oil 10 parts, Venice turpentine 5 parts. Matt Varnish.—Sandarac 18 parts, mastic 4 parts, ether 200 parts, benzole 80 to 100 parts. Encaustic Paste.—Best white wax, in shreds, 1 oz., turpentine 5oz.; dissolve in gentle heat, and apply cold with piece of flannel. Ferrotypes. Collodion.—Ammonium iodide 35 grains, cadmium iodide 25 grains, cadmium bromide 20 grains, pyroxyline 70 grains, alcohol 5 oz., ether 5 oz. Bath. - Silver nitrate 1 oz., water 10 oz., nitric acid 1 drop. Developer.—Ferrous sulphate 1 oz., glac. acetic acid 1 oz., water 16oz. Fixing and Varnish,—Same as wet collodion process.
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