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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 29.1885
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- 1885
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1424, December 18, 1885
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The photographic news
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Band 29.1885
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- Register Index III
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802 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. LDECEMBER 18, 1885. Awards of Diplomas. Class 1. Landscape—Without figures (or animals), F. A. Jack- son. Class 2. Landscape-—With figures (or animals), H. G. Runkle. Class 3. Marine—Surf, J. H. Maghee. Class 4. Maiine—Sail (including steamers or other vessels), J. E. Dumont. Class 5. Architectural, Ralph McNeill. Class 6. Interiors, II G. Runkle. Class 7. Portrait—Not taken under sky-light, J. E. Dumont. Class 8. Group—Not taken under sky-light, Edward M. Franklin. Class 9. Cloud effect, Randall Spaulding. Class 10. Flowers, C. W. Canfield. Class 11. Animals, Francis Blake. Class 12. Still life, Gilbert A. Robertson. Class 13. Street views, Ralph McNeill. Class 14. Expectation—(Com position), W. H. Bartholomew. Class 15. Halt I—(Composition), F. A. Jackson. Class 16. Rustic Bridge—(Composition), Dr. P. H. Mason. Class 17. Enlargement, L. P. Atkinson. Class 18. Stereoscopic, L. P. Atkinson. Class 19. Transparencies (other than lantern slides), L. P. Atkinson. Class 20. Lantern Slides, J. E. Brush. Class 21. Photo-Micrographs, L. P. Atkinson. Class 22. Platinotype, J. H. Maghee. Class 23. Entire collection. J. E. Dumont. RESEARCHES AND EXPERIMENTS WITH BRO MIDE AND CHLORIDE OF SILVER IN GELATINE. BY PROFESSOR DR. J. M. EDER. I .—The Priority of Publication of the DEVELOPING Power of PHENYLHYDRAZIX Compounds. In the spring of 1885, it was stated in the photographic journals of Berlin that Dr. E. Jacobson had discovered a new developer. It was further said that Dr. Stolze had developed good pictures with a new substance, but no inti mation was given as to the nature and properties of this substance. I did not concern myself about these state ments, since there was no indication to be met with in the journals as to what this secret substance was ; but continued my experiments with alkaline solution of oxide of tin, and with other inorganic and organic reducing agents, as I have now for some years been doing. When phenylhydrazin came to be experimented with, I discovered, quite independently, and without any knowledge of the labours of others, the developing properties of this sub stance in alkaline solution, for silver compounds. I com municated the same at the general meeting of the Photo graphic Association of Vienna on May 8th, and published the particulars in the Photographischc Correspondenz (1885, pp. 181 and 198). At that time neither Dr. Jacobson nor any one else had spoken of the photographic properties of hydrazin, so that I not only discovered them independently, but was the first to publish them. It was afterwards made known in the Berlin journals that Dr. Jacobson had already lodged a patent for this application of hydrazin, of which, of course, I could have no knowledge. In the meantime, I had found that phenylhydrazin sul phate was better suited for the purpose than its other compounds, and was the first to publish this fact, before it was heard of from any other source. It is now stated that the sulphate has been tried by Dr. Jacobson, and found better than other compounds. I maintain, therefore, that I, independently, found the developing property of hydrazin, and the preference to be given to the sulphate of hydrazin, and first published them. Dr. Jacobson certainly gets his patent; I claim the inde pendent discovery and first publication of this property of hydrazin. II .—Hydrokinone may be employed with advantage for the development of chloride of silver in gelatine, as stated in a communication upon this substance, made by me in conjunction with’Captain Pizzighelli in the year 1880. We gave good formulae for its use at the time,* and these have since been added to by Warnerke. In many hands, how ever, hydrokinone, for inexplicable reasons, has not suc ceeded. * Eder’s “ Photographic mit Bromsilber and Chlorsilber, in Gelatine.” 3 Auflage, 1886. Knappe in Halle, I have recently made the observation that after some years, chemically pure hydrokinone loses its powers. The colour changes but little ; it gives, however, a dark brown solution in alcohol, and no longer possesses its full deve loping power. With such a preparation, no good pictures can be obtained, unless the hydrokinone be recrystallized from a very weak aqueous solation of sulphurous acid. In the presence of a little sulphurous acid, hydrokinone keeps better. As a test of the quality of hydrokinone, a ten per cent, solution may be made to serve. This should be transpar ent, and at the utmost not more than of a light brown colour. III .—Accelerators as Baths before Development, and as Additions to the Developing Solution. Ilydrosulphite of Soda.—Hydrosulphite of soda was first employed by Samman in the year 1877, as an addition to the pyro developer. The less easily decomposed sulphite of soda was subsequently employed, and has found general acceptation. Both these salts have little or no action when used with the ferrous oxalate developer. With respect to sulphite of soda, I stated this to be the case in the first edition of my work on “ Bromsilber-gelatine,” page 49. I am still of the same opinion, although in some journals this addition is given as a novelty, and recommended. Hydrosulphite of soda retains the ferrous oxalate deve loper somewhat longer in an active condition when exposed to the air. In alkaline pyro developer it acts in somewhat the same manner as sulphite of soda—that is to say, it keeps the picture clear during prolonged development, and allows the faint half-tones time to gain greater intensity. For the same reason, Capt. Himly's accelerator, “ Excel sior,” is satisfactory in its action with pyro, which 1 can not say is the case with ferrous oxalate. The “Excelsior,” for pyro developer, owes its efficiency to the hydrosulphite of soda, which my analysis has shown it to contain, in addition to a certain amount of ammonia. The ammonia increases the keeping property of the hydrosulphite of soda, and is a good accelerator for the soda developer. It is known that a trace of ammonia in the soda developer accelerates development, and more quickly gives intensity to the picture.* Ilydrosulphite operates somewhat against the appear ance of ammonia yellow fog, which many commercial plates show when developed with soda and ammonia, with out the addition of bomide, and gives more brilliancy. “ Excelsior ” works well with soda developer ; on the other hand, it has almost no action with the ammonia sulphite developer. Unfortunately, hydrosulphite of soda, which is prepared by digesting sulphite of soda with zinc in powder, is not permanent with access of air, and this may explain the contradictory statements that have been made with respect to this substance. Of any orthochromatic action obtained by the use of “ Excelsior,” I found no trace. IV .— MESSERSCEMIIDT's Work with PROTOGRArIIC Sensitisers. I have repeated Messerschmidt’s experiments, and found neither any increase of sensitiveness to green from the addi tion of crysaniline to the developer ; nor, after the addition of quinine, any increase of sensitiveness to white or ultra violet light. Immersion of the plate in the solution after exposure was unsuccessful so far as obtaining any change in sensitiveness, except such as may result from bathing the plate with water. Further communication with respect to my experiments in the direction of spectrum analysis, 1 will leave till later on. V .—Not long since the Amateur American stated that it is advantageous for instantaneous pictures to highly dilute the pyro developer, and in order to compensate for the Eder's “ Photographie mit Bromsilberund Chlorsilber Gelatine (3rd part of the Ansfuhrliches Handbuch dcr Photographie), wherein re ceipts for developers are given.
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