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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 29.1885
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1885
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18850000
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1377, January 23, 1885
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 29.1885
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- Register Index III
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Band
Band 29.1885
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the silver nitrate. Double decomposition at once takes place, leaving an emulsion with an excess of nearly three grains of nitrate of silver per ounce of collodion. This mixture was said to keep indefinitely. It was soon found that the admixture of certain suitable organic substances very much improved the brilliancy and vigour of the prints— castor oil, sugar, glycerine, various gums, and syrups being useful —and arrowroot sizing or gelatine as a substratum spread upon the paper. Rive, Saxe, or any smooth white paper was coated by laying it down on a glass plate, and pouring the collodion over in the usual way ; when dry, the paper was fumed and ready for printing. Toning took place either before or after fixing, and washing occupied very little time. Mr. J. S. Tunny, soon after this, read a paper before the Photographic Society of Scotland, in which he showed that a chlorized collodion film, sensitized in a dipping bath of silver nitrate, with a considerable quantity of citric acid added, was capable of giving exceedingly vigorous diapositives on glass. Mr. J. W. Swan, of Newcastle-on- Pyne, found the formulae given by Mr. Simpson for prints could also be made suitable for making diapositives on glass by the addition of a small proportion of citric acid to the collodion. _ Thus the first step was gained by suspending silver chlo ride in collodion with an excess of silver, and spreading the same upon paper. Then certain organic substances were added thereto, and effected a marked improvement in the printing ; whilst for transparencies a large propor tion of citric acid was found to be a necessity, in order to obtain the requisite vigour. The application of this pro cess to printing on opal produced those charming pictures SO universally admired many years ago. The recent sub stitution of gelatine instead of collodion, as a vehicle in which to suspend the more highly sensitive haloid salts of silver naturally leads to the consideration of its employ ment’in the form suggested by our title. Gelatine as an organic substance increases the action of light upon a sensitive silver salt, and therein lies the principal difference between the processes of the past, and that we are about to describe, producing, as it does, some of the most fascinating pictures to be met with in photo graphy. It has been shown, at page 1G1 of the last volume, how easily these results may be obtained, and a formula is there given specially suited to opal work, to which is added a description of a frame that removes all difficulty as regards printing (an illustration will be found on page210). We propose giving other formulae adapted to various kinds of work, including opals from hard or soft negatives, transparencies suited for lantern work or for enlarging; and in our next we shall deal with their pre paration. SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING INSTANTA NEOUSLY OR UNDER-EXPOSED PLATES. BY E. HOWARD FARMER. It is usually considered an axiom in development that the soluble bromide or restrainer should be increased in cases of over-exposure. 1 would suggest that it be also largely in creased in cases of under-exposure, and similarly, there fore, in all cases when employing plates at their maximum sensitiveness. Concurrently with this the ammonia and pyro should be increased, producing a developer very strong in all three constituents. It is probable a fixed alkali will be found preferable to ammonia for very energetic development; employing such, | negatives have been obtained full of detail, with about one- fifth the exposure required by ordinary formula:. The same remarks respecting bromide apply to oxalate development ; it is usual to add a minute quantity of hypo in cases of the minimum or under-exposure being given; such addition is rendered far more effective if at the same time the restraining bromide be increased. WINTER PHOTOGRAPHY: AN AMATEUR’S EXPERIENCE. BY ALFRED M. SHARP. We had a heavy fall of snow on Monday and Tuesday, followed by sharp frost on Tuesday night. On Wednes day the sky was comparatively cloudless, and the sun shone out brilliantly. I have long had a desire to take some winter views. Now was my golden opportunity. Accordingly, hurriedly getting together my camera, slides, &c., I made a start, aiming, in the first instance, for the church. A rustic-looking water-cart, with wheels heavily covered with snow, in the field adjoining the church-yard, looked the very thing to relieve the foreground. I there fore availed myself of the opportunity. I had taken with me four of Warnerke’s half-plates—20 on the sensitometer. For this view I took plate No. 1, and using stop M, I gave an exposure of one second with one of Ross’ rapid symmetrical lenses. This exposure was a complete guess, as I have bad no experience in winter photography. I then went to a place where the high road is considerably lower than the land on each side of it, and on each side are heavy trees. In summer this is very much shaded, and requires considerably longer exposure than ordinary landscape. It was all well covered with snow. I used plate No. 2, stop S', and gave an exposure of one minute. Ascending the hill, I took in the open, and in sunlight, two other views, with waggon and pair of horses and fore ground, with stop /r. I gave plate No. 3 an exposure of one second, and with plate No. 4 I gave an exposure of two seconds, by way of experiment, on same subject. On my return home I proceeded to develop the plates, com mencing with plate No. 3. To my horror, I found it so much over-exposed as not to be worth putting into the fixing bath. This being spoilt, I knew that the others would be spoilt also. Suddenly remembering an article in the Year-Book for 1884, by Mr. Seymour Conway, who had, when in Switzerland, suffered a similar disappoint ment, I at once looked up the book, and found that he had steeped his plates in bromide water. Accordingly, I put 0 grains of bromide of potassium into two ounces of water, and steeped plate No. 1 in the mixture for a minute or two. On developing with the normaldeveloper, to my great delight I got a very good negative. Plate No. 4 I knew was hopelessly over-exposed; but, by way of experiment, I thought I would try it. I first put it into a mixture of water 2 ounces, bromide 10 grains. I then considerably increased the bromide and the developer, and got a very much better picture than I had anticipated. I write this, thinking it may, perhaps, assist some amateur who wishes to get a tew winter views, and who has no notion of the exposure necessary. In Juli sunlight, and snow on the ground, I found with stop 4, and with plates 20 on the sensitometer, I could get drop-shutter pictures—so much difference does the snow make in exposure. I use the potash and sulphite of soda developer, and prefer it to the old ammonia formula. A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR ECLIPSING THE LIGHT WHEN CHANGING LANTERN SLIDES. BY A. T. S. BEREINGTOX. Now that a good deal of interest is taken in lantern work, and several devices for changing slides whilst the light is shut off from the screen have excited attention, I think you may like to have a description of a very simple arrange- I ment which I use and find most effective. The materials are stout wire and a piece of tin plate or cardboard, used in conjuction with the ordinary “ push-through ” carrier. The drawings will, I hope, make it clear. D A (fig. 1) is a piece of brass wire bent at D, to the other end of which is fixed the “ dissolver,” B, shown also at fig. 2 ; when the dissolver is hanging freely, it is at one side of the lens,
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