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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 29.1885
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1885
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1408, August 28, 1885
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 29.1885
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- Register Index III
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August 28, 1885.J THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. insert the key and turn it until the click strikes once. The holder is then ready to attach to the camera. After the first exposure turn the key until the click has struck four times. This brings a fresh sheet on the bed for ex posure, after which turn the key and make as many expo sures as required. When the required number of exposures have been made, take the holder into the dark room, take off the case, and insert the point of a penknife in the tin- lined slot in the guide-roll, and separate the exposed from the unexposed portion by drawing it along the slot. Throw off the pawl t, fig. 2, from the receiving reel, and draw out the exposed paper and cut it off at every fourth mark with a pair of scissors. If any unexposed paper remains on the supply spool, draw over the end and attach it to the receiving-reel as before, and the holder is ready for work again. If the immediate development of the exposed paper is not desired, the clamping or receiving reel can be removed with the exposed roll, without unwinding, and an additional reel inserted. Film-carriers, represented by fig. 9, are manufactured by the Eastman Company, and they consist of a thin piece Fij. 9. of flat wood made up of strips glued together in such a manner as to prevent warping, and a metallic rim with flanges (A. of an inch wide) turned on each edge. This metallic rim is laid upon a clean surface with its flanges uppermost; the cut sheet is then placed within it, film side down ; the back is then inserted as shown in fig. 9, slight pressure at the four corners being sufficient to cause adhesion, the whole forming a carrier equal in dimensions to an ordinary glass dry plate of standard size. We have had no experience in the working of these film carriers, but the design seems good. LECTURES AT THE FINSBURY TECHNICAL COLLEGE. The programme for the session 1885-1886 has just been issued, and among the evening classes likely to be useful to our readers may be especially mentioned the lectures on inorganic chemistry, on Monday evenings at 8 p.m. ; classes for practical laboratory work being held on Wed nesdays and Fridays. The Professor of Chemistry is Raphael Meldola. Fee for the course, including one even ing's laboratory work, 12s. 6d. the session, or 6s. the term ; including two’evenings’ laboratory work, 15s. the session, or 7s. 6d. the term. A course on organic chemistry is also held, a lecture demonstration taking place each Monday at 6.30 to 9 p.m. This course is intended to afford systematic instruction in organic chemistry, especially with reference to its technical appliances. It will be suited to the requirements of phar macists and of those engaged in industries in which or ganic chemistry plays a part, such as brewing, coal tar distilling, spirit distilling, soap making, vinegar brewing, &c. Fee 15s. for the session, including laboratory work on two evenings a week. A special course of lectures on optical instruments, by R. M. Walmsley, will be given. One lecture a week, on Thursday, at 7 p.m., during the first term only, com mencing October 8tb. This course will deal with the principles of construction of optical ins ruments, and with the properties of light on which their construction depends. Lenses.—Burning Glass, Focal Points. Systems of Light Waves converging to Focus or diverging from Focus. Focal Planes. Images. Principal Focal Length. Simple Camera. Curved Mirrors.—Concave Mirrors. Relation between Curva ture and Principal Focal Length. Secondary Foci. Conjugate Points. Conjugate Planes. Focal Lines. Aberration. Para bolic Mirrors. Convex Mirrors. Cylindrical Mirrors. Plane Mirrors.—Real and Virtual Images. Position of Image. Multiple Reflections. Kaleidoscope. Sextant. Goniometer. Simple Microscopes.— Reading Lens. Stanhope Lens. Wollas- ton’s Doublet, Coddington Lens. The Eye as Microscope. Magnifying Power. Simple Telescopes.—Opera Glass. Field Glass. Astronomical Telescope. The Eye as Telescope. Camera Obscura. Further Study of Lenses.—Wave Theory explains reflection of rays. Velocity-constant and Index Refraction. Relation of Velocity-constant, Curvature and Focal Length. Relation between Aperture and Focal Length. Optical Centre of Lens, or system of Lenses. Aplanatic Lenses. Polyzonal Lenses. Compound Microscopes. — Systems of Lenses. Objectives. Immersion Lenses. Eye-pieces. Modes of Illumination. Compound Telescopes.—Refracting Telescopes. Day and Night Glasses. Erecting Lenses. Object Glasses. Positive and Nega tive Eyepieces. Methods of Mounting. Reflecting Telescopes. Methods of arranging Mirrors. Prisms.—Effects of oblique incidence on light-waves. Laws of Prisms Deviation and Displacement of Ray. Minimum Devi ation. Minimum Displacement. Total Internal Reflection. Right-angled Prisms. Camera Lucida. Nachet’s Prism. Wen ham’s Prism. Gratings,—Colours seen at edges of Shadows. Interference of two sets of waves. Grating of wires. Gratings ruled on glass and metal. Photographed Gratings. Spectroscopes.— (a.) Prism Spectroscopes, (b.) Grating Spec troscopes. Arrangements of Slit. Collimating Telescope. Observing Telescope. Scales of Measurement. Uses of Spectro scopes. Properties of Long Waves and Short Waves of Spectrum. Achromatic Combinations. — Conditions of Achromatism. Achromatic Prisms. Achromatic Lenses. Direct-Pision Prisms.— Amici’s Prism. Janssen’s Prism. Thollon’s Prism. Polarising Apparatus.—Double-Image Prisms. Properties of Calc-Spar and of Tourmaline. Construction of Nicol Prisms. Hartnack’s, Gian’s, and other Prisms. Bundles of Glass Plates. Artificial Polarisers. Polari-microscopes. Preparation of Crystal Sections. Saccharimeters.—The optical properties of Quartz and Sugar. Special apparatus for Polarimetry. Defect of Eye as Optical Lnslriiment.— Abenution. Astigmat ism. Turbidity. Irradiation. Polarisation. Blind spot. Per sistence of Vision. Photometers.—Law's of Illumination. Standards of Light. Carcel Lamp. Standard Candle. Legal U nit. Shadow Photo meters. Colour-Photometers. Fee for this Course, 6s. PAPERS WHICH ARRIVED TOO LATE FOR THE BUFFALO CONVENTION. Two papers of exceptional interest, one by W. B. Bolton, and the other by W. K. Burton, were received too late for reading at the Convention ; but they have been printed, and we reproduce them in our columns. COLLODIO-GELATINE DRY PLATES. M W. B. BOLTOX. I may commence by promising you that I am not going to attempt to persuade you to give up gelatine plates for the sake of preparing and using a hybrid description of article, the advantages of which are probably still in dispute. Such is certainly not my intention, for I feel certain that in America, as elsewhere, gelatine has gained so firm a hold upon the public, that we may expect it to retain the premier position for, at least, as long a period as the old wet process did ; but while I hold the belief in the present supremacy of gelatine, I have little doubt but that in America, as in Britain, there are many who still continue to employ the old bath for certain purposes, and who will probably go on doing so to the end of the chapter. My object in writing these lines is, therefore, to direct your
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