The photographic news

• Bandzählung: 29.1885
• Erscheinungsdatum: 1885
• Sprache: Englisch
• Signatur: F 135
• Vorlage: Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
• Digitalisat: Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
• Digitalisat: SLUB Dresden
• Rechtehinweis: Public Domain Mark 1.0
• URN: urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-188500006
• PURL: http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18850000
• OAI: oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1780948042-18850000
• Sammlungen: LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
• Sammlungen: Fotografie
• Bemerkung: Seite I-II fehlen in der Vorlage. Paginierfehler: Seite 160 als Seite 144 gezählt.
• Strukturtyp: Band

• Digitalisat: SLUB Dresden
• Strukturtyp: Ausgabe

386 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. LJUXE 19, 1885. stand, cover it with water, let it remain there some twenty minutes; now pour this water into a weak solution of the blue iodide of starch, and, if this is decolourised, the washing has not been sufficient. country for scientific purposes, the freezing point of water is the zero, aud the distance between this point and boiling point is divided into 100 equal parts. Thus, the degree Fahrenheit is the r‘6 part of the distance between freezing METEOROLOGY FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS. BY J. VINCENT ELSDEN BSC. (LOND.), F.C.S. Chapter II.—Temperature of the Atmosphere—Ther mometers—Fluctuations in Temperature—Influence in Photography. Nearly all atmospherical changes depend ultimately upon the temperature of the air, the accurate determination of which is, therefore, one of the most important, and at the same time perhaps one of the most difficult, of all meteoro logical observations. The history and mode of construc tion of thermometers cannot be discussed in detail here. It will be enough to mention that the inventor of the thermometer is unknown, and that both the Florentine spirit thermometers and the Dutch air thermometers were in use before 1693, when Halley suggested the employ ment of mercury, as well as the adoption of the boiling point of water, as one of the standard temperatures. The adoption of the freezing point of water, as the zero of the scale, had been previously recommended by Hooke, in 1667. Since, at the present time, both mercury and alcohol thermometers are in common use, it may be useful to compare the relative advantages of these two liquids as thermometric substances. Mercury possesses the great advantage of expanding uniformly over a large range of temperature, its boiling point being 350* C. (660° Fah.),and its freezing point 36° C. (-388 Fah.). This advantage is not possessed by alcohol, the expansion of which is irregular, increasing with the temperature, so that the length of a degree on an alcohol thermometer varies in different parts of the scale. The great advantage of alcohol is its utility for measuring very low temperatures, for it has never yet been frozen ; but since it boils at 79° 2 C. (174°2 Fah.) it is useless for high temperatures. Mercury, however, pos sesses other advantages. It can easily be obtained pure. Its specific beat is very small, so that it does not take much heat away from the substance of which the tempera ture is being measured. Lastly, being a metal, its con ductivity is very great, so that it quickly assumes the temperature of the substance in which it is placed. Unfortunately, considerable confusion has been caused by the adoption, by various countries, of different modes of graduating thermometer scales. Fahrenheit took as his zero, not the freezing point of water, but the temperature of a freezing mixture of powdered ice and salt. He also divided the distance between the freezing and boiling points of water into 180 equal parts. He thus found 32® between his zero and the freezing point of water. In the centigrade thermometer, invented by Celsius, and in almost universal use on the Continent, as well as in this thoroughly reliable before we introduce it to our customers. Photographer.—Quite right. I see I can leave my apparatus in your bands with perfect safety. Manager. —Oh,yes. (1 o photonraphic leaiter) Simmons, see to this gentleman’s things, and supply him with one of our landscape time-tables for the month. Photographer.— Landscape time-table—what is that? Simmons.—This is it, sir (pines card). Shows the best times of the day for photographing the various places of interest in the neighbourhood. We have also artistic guides attached to the hotel, who will assist you to pick out the best spots, and pose, if necessary, as a figure in the foreground, to give life to the picture. All information as to fees on the back of the card. {Photographer tales card, and retires to coffee-room over- whelmed.') THE PHOTOGRAPHIC HOTEL. (A Peep into the near Future.) “ He thought that amateur photographers might reason ably expect that hotel keepers would begin to realise the necessity of providing accommodation for them.” This is the opinion of the President of the Manchester Amateur Photographic Society. What a prospect it opens up I No more waiting till dark before plates can be developed, and sitting up half the night coaxing out an under-exposed and obstinate picture. No more vexations because your stock of dry plates is exhausted, and the loveliest views you have yet seen cannot be taken in consequence. No more agony arising from an accident to your camera and the inability to procure another. No more—but really the possibilities springing out of Mr. Palmer’s suggestion are so numerous that they can be only dealt with adequately in a dramatic form. [Scene.—The Camera Hotel: Enter Photographer with lit.'} Photographer (Io Manager of Hotel). Tell your fellows to be very' careful of my luggage. Manager.—You need not be under the least anxiety, sir; I will send our photographic waiter to you. Will you be wanting the use of our dark room ? Photographer (astonished).—What, have you a dark room ? Manager.—Certainly, sir; very commodious, and with a properly tested non-actinic light. The charge is one shilling per hour, including chemicals. If you use your own chemicals, the tariff is one half. Photographer.—Dear me. That is exceedingly con venient. Manager.—Oh, we are determined to move with the times. If you would prefer it, our man, who holds a first- class certificate from the City' of London Guilds and Insti tute, would develop your plates. The tariff for develop ing plates commences at 2s. 6d. per dozen quarter-plate size. Photographer.—Really, I wish I had known it. I should not have troubled to have lumbered up myself with bottles. As it is, owing to the number of things I had with me, I have lost the flange of my most useful lens. Manager.—Do not trouble, sir. If your flanges have the standard screws adopted by the Photographic Society, we can supply you with another. Photographer,—I am much obliged. Possibly also you have some material which would do for a focussing-cloth. Unfortunately, I left mine among the hills yesterday. Manager.—We have, sir, every photographic requisite that you can possibly want. That, sir, is our manual of instructions, and I think you’ll find that by using the Hotel apparatus you will save both money and trouble. A telegram or letter stating the kind of picture you wish to take—still life, architectural, out-door groups, or instan taneous—will receive prompt attention, and on arriving here you will find everything ready and in perfect order. Photographer.—Good gracious I You astonish me. Manager.—Or if you prefer it, you can have a locker in which to put your own apparatus, so that the bother of dragging it up to town is entirely avoided. We derived that hint, sir, from the fishing hotels, where similar lockers are provided for rods, nets, and gear generally. Photographer.—Andean I have proofs printed here? It is so convenient to be able to see how a negative prints. MANAGEI.—Well, sir, we have printing arrangements in contemplation, but they are not yet completed. Our in ¬ tention is to introduce the new direct printing process by ! point and boiling point; while the degree Centigrade is development ; but we should like to be satisfied that it is | the Ta part of the same distance, and is therefore greater