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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 29.1885
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1885
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1395, May 29, 1885
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 29.1885
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- Register Index III
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Band
Band 29.1885
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342 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC HEWS. [MAY 29, 1885. itself, add just a little more of the soda. When apparent, and all the details brought out, necessitating the addition of the alkaline solution, add 5 c. c. of the pyro and alcohol, and to terminate, if need be, with 5 c. c. of the carbonate. By this means negatives come out of a very good tone, without any yellow colouration. If a very rapid shutter has been used, the bromide may be suppressed, provided the plates are known not to be liable to fog. For negatives of longer exposure develop with the bromide and carbonate solution in only about half the water as long as 250 c. c. of carbonate, now brought up to 10 per cent., always contains 2 grammes of bromide of ammonium. On developing as above, use only the bromised carbonate solution. If under exposed, add a little of the simple carbonate to the other to bring out the details. Where it is necessary to get very sharply-defined blacks and whites, 3 grammes of bromide of ammonium must be put to the 250 c. c. of earbonate of soda. For portraits the amount of bromide may be re duced to 1 gramme. This developer, which M. Balaguy has successfully tried, seems to be simple in use and suitable to varied exposures according to the amount of bromide of ammonium used. Antiplanatic Lenses.—M. Adolphe Martin, in a communi cation to the Photographic Society of France, gave in a few words the principle of the so-called antiplanatic lenses, such as those by Steinheil, of Munich, of which the follow ing is an extract:—“ From the point of view of aberrations the lenses possess a quality of considerable importance, the knowledge of which caused quite a revolution about the year 1829 in the construction of microscopes, and which has brought them up to the high degree of perfection they have now attained. The property was discovered by Lister, who, extending to achromatic lenses the results found by Herschel with a simple lens, showed that in every optical system there are two points in which it is aplanatic, the aberration changing from one to the other in such a way that taking two objectives, establishing the coincidence between their points of aplanatism, this aplanatism ex tended to neighbouring points, for, if the luminous point be displaced horizontally or vertically, the aberration thus produced in the action of the first glass would be destroyed by the equal aberration in the contrary sense of the second. This property increases, as may be seen, the extent and depth of the field of vision.” I particularly wish to draw the attention of lens makers to this as a con stant problem to be solved, which imposes itself more im periously every day, and which consists in the manufacture of lenses having short focus and giving a clearly-defined image over the whole field when fully open. At present we are far from reaching this desideratum with the aplanatic lenses, as a clear image does not cover the field until the lens is more or less stopped down by diaphragms. The antiplanatic No. 1 for groups, &c., has an aperture of 17 millimetres, focus 9-5, and it covers 68 by 54 m.m. when fully open. The aplanatic nearest in approaching these dimensions is No. 2 with 9 m.m. aperture, 7-7 focus, and covering without diaphragm 61 by 50 m.m. With respect to luminosity, the antiplanatic, having an opening more than three times as large, would require an exposure of one-third the length of No. 2, all things otherwise equal; but the focal length of the aplanatic being nearly one and a-half less than the antiplanatic the length of exposure would be a little over the half of the other. There is, therefore, no hesitation in the choice of an objective for instantaneous work, and I specially recommend the com bination of the antiplanatic with a shutter similar in con struction to that by MM. Thury and Arney. Gelatino-Chloride of Silver Paper.—The firm of Marion, in Paris, have gone in for preparing gelatino-chloride of silver paper like Messrs. Morgan and Co. It will, no doubt, come greatly into favour, not only on account of the splendid results, but also the rapidity and regularity with which the prints are produced. By the aid of a series of jets, and placing the dark slides on both sides of each plane, a great number may be printed at one time, which will be desirable in houses of business. Typographic Block of a Fusible Alloy.—M. L. de Roux has taken out a patent for making a new kind of typographic printing plates. He develops a carbon print on a copper plate, and takes a mould of it in an alloy similar to Darcet’s metal composed as follows:— Mercury 10 parts Lead ... ... ... 8 „ Tin 12 „ Darcet’s metal ... ... ... 70 „ 100 Darcet’s metal is composed of:— Lead 3 parts Tin 3 „ Bismuth 3 „ The alloy is melted in a dish, the copper plate pressed down over it until cold. 7 rades Exhibition.—An exhibition is being organized in Paris, to be held at the Palais de I’Industrie from July till November, under the name of Exposition du Travail. Class 43 of the programme comprises all that concerns photography. The organization of that department has been entrusted to M. Leon Vidal as superintendent, and M. Balaguy as assistant superintendent. M. Chenneviere’s Pellicle Bark Slide.—M. Chenneviere has thought of a very ingenious plan for perfecting the dark box of my pocket apparatus so as to allow of its receiving paper pellicles. The interior slide is hollowed out to form two parallel frames, leaving room for two pellicle sheets to be introduced back to back, with a sheet of card pushed up between them, two little hooks fastening them together, and it can be introduced into the case of slides just like an ordinary plate. Banquet of the Photographic Society of France.—The annual banquet of the Society was a greater success than ever; of course the toasts to the future and prosperity to photo graphy, and to the brotherly union existing between the Society and the Chambre Syndicale, were drunk with en thusiasm. Leon Vidal. DISTORTION IN PAPER POSITIVES. BY W. E. DEBENHAM. Mb. J. Harris, in your paper of the 8th inst., does well to call attention to the subject of that distortion which results from unequal expansion of the paper, employed as the base, upon which the photograph is printed. Mr. Harris's views, however, as to the cause of the evil referred to are, of course, open to discussion, and in this, as in other matters, we may hope for practical benefit by the examina tion of various theories brought forward to account for the facts, and the rejection of those which may prove unsound or mistaken clears the way for the recognition of true ones, and points to a remedy. Mr. Harris argues that the cause of distortion is the high glaze, due either to a large quantity of albumen, or albu men put upon the surface of the paper; and even goes so far as to state that the use of an albumen paper bearing a “ legitimate ” surface will result in a “ truthful delineation of feature.” In support of his theory, he also says that in the earlier days of photography upon albumenized paper, complaints of distortion were unknown, and assumes that if such distortion had then existed, it would have been recognized, and presumably complained of. Now the use of a highly-glazed surface for photography is not such a new thing as is often supposed and asserted. In the very first vol. of the Photographic News, 1858, page 34, the Editor recommends for the purpose the use of pure albumen without any water. That distortion from expansion of paper existed at the same period may be in ferred from the fact that in the same vol., page 168, it is
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