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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 29.1885
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1885
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- Englisch
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1384, March 13, 1885
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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- Ausgabe
- Parlamentsperiode
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- Wahlperiode
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 29.1885
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- Register Index III
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Association is well manned ; the Earl of Bosse, Mr. James Glaisher, the Prince of Wales, the Archbishop of York, the Marquis of Drogheda, and Dr. Arthur • Farre beiug members. A representative exhibition of the works of amateurs would be a novelty, and should certainly be organised, as there is no denying that in photography the amateur often equals—even if he does not surpass—the professional. One characteristic of an Amateur Exhibition would be entire absence of “ shop ”; the real amateur show being in this respect a striking contrast with the exhibitions of so-called amateur work which enterprising tradesmen make in their shop windows or their places of business as a means of advertising their goods. “ Taken by an amateur, and with our own guinea set of apparatus,” is a kind of announcement now getting quite common at such exhibitions ; but the pietures are gene rally on sale! When an exclusively amateur photographic exhibition is organized, and prizes are offered for amateur work, it will be necessary to clearly define the amateur as distinguished from the professional. In making the distinction one can take a hint or two from the ’cycling world, and the definition will stand something like this. An amateur photographer is one whose pictures are not sold, who has not taught the art of photography either for money or as a means of selling apparatus. The “ maker’s amateur ” is the bete noir in ’cycling competitions just now, and he may become disagreeably prominent in photographic circles when an amateur exhibition is organized. The numerous objections to the establishment of a “Joint Profits ’’Portrait Studio at the Inventions Exhibi ¬ tion may be summed up in a few words. The Council have no right to establish a business or trade in the building, whe n such business or trade has neither any bearing on the main objects of the Exhibition, nor is necessary as a means of supplying the personal wants of the visitors while they are on the premises. If the Council should obtain a sharp business man as a partner in this concern, they will only realize a trifling sum as their share of the profits—unless, indeed, they.can control the outside business done with negatives taken at the Exhibition—a sum quite insufficient to compensate for the reproach which will rest upon the E xhibition. Beaders should refer to pages 13G, 144,147, and 155. On page 164, and incorporated with Dr. Eder’s compre hensive paper on the behaviour of the haloid salts of silver in the spectrum, will be found his revised formula for an emulsion for general work. This is of value as embodying the latest experience of Dr. Eder. Mr. W. K. Burton estimates that the development paper is about one thousand times more sensitive than ordinary albumenized paper. FERROUS TARTRATE—A DEVELOPER FOR RAUD PAPER. BY W. LANG, JUN.* The developer which I bring to-night before the notice of you Society is that of ferrous tartrate. As far as I know, this body has not been employed in the development of the latent image, and perhaps the reason for this is not far to seek, inasmuch as ferrous tartrate is a very insoluble body. If you take a solution of ferrous sulphate, and add to it a solution of neutral tartrate, you get a copious precipitate of the tartrate of iron. If we take a freshly made solution of ferrous sulphate—and here I would urge the necessity of having always this salt freshly made up— and add a little ammonia, we get a bulky pre cipitate of ferrous hydroxide, aud this, quickly dissolved up in a solution of tartaric acid, forms a clear solution, and constitutes the developer which we are now considering. Taking 4 drachms of a concentrated solution of ferrous sulphate, I add 4 drachms of water, aud thereafter 1 drachm of strong ammonia, losing no time, as the ferrous hydroxide oxidises very fast; I dissolve up the precipitate in a concentrated solution of tartaric acid. When the hydroxide is on the point of being completely dis solved, the addition of the acid has to be made very cautiously, otherwise, if an excess be given, the ferrous tartrate will come out of solution sooner than you want it. In putting forward the ferrous tartrate developer to-night, I do so with Considerable diffidence, and more with a view to place on record the fact that I have been making a series of experiments with this form of a developer; and further, I would have it understood that it is not put forward as capable of developing a film where the haloid salt of silver consists of pure chloride ; in fact, in experimenting with Warnerke’s paper, which contains chloride with no admix ture of bromide, I find it impossible to develop an image free from general veiling. As you are aware, silver chloride for a long time was supposed to be incapable of development. The first to devise a means of bringing out the latent image was Dr. Eder, and he employed a solution of ferrous citrate, obtained by double decomposition when a solution of ferrous sulphate and one of citrate of potash or other alkaline citrate are brought together. This develops silver chloride, giving an image having tones more or less red. Abney followed with his ferro-citro- oxalate, made by dissolving ferrous oxalate in a strong solution of citrate of potash ; this gives, however, a black image. The other developer for silver chloride, due also to Capt. Abney, is that of hydrokinone, an organic body that possesses in com bination with an alkali a great affinity for oxygen, and it seems to me that if there is to be a future at all for this alpha paper the true developer of such a paper is to be found in hydro kinone. I think it is questionable whether an iron developer can be used at all in the development of an image which has afterwards to be tried by means of gold. Unless the iron developer be thoroughly eliminated from the film (a very difficult matter), precipitation of gold is bound to take place within the film when the paper is immersed in the toning bath, and a more or less mottled image the necessary consequence, while the same cause operates in giving degraded whites. The ferrous-tartrate gives an image very closely resembling the sun-printed one on a small albumenized paper. I have experi mented with a great number of reagents to see if I could delay the precipitation of the ferrous tartrate, among others an in fusion of quilla-bark, which in some circumstances prevents solid bodies coming out of solutions ; but I could not find any appreciable difference when this body was used, and when it was not. The addition of boracic acid to the concentration of tartaric acid solution has certainly a beneficial action, the solu tion remaining longer clear; and this acid I now invariably use along with the tartaric in making the ferrous tartrate solution The deposit of the salt seems in no way to injure the image, even should the dish in which development is being carried on be not kept in motion. Development I find can be greatly assisted by a flat camel-hair brush. If weaker solutions than what I have specified be employed, I find the whites become degraded. As I have already mentioned, the getting the iron out of the film is what is really required ; the alum solution which is recommended for this purpose will decompose traces of the iron developer left in the film, but it must be re membered that the alum at the same time hardens the film, and tends to lock up, so to speak, within its pores, these very • Abstract of a paper communicated to the Glasgow and West of Scotland Amateur Photographic Association.
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