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INTERNAL STRUCTURE. knowledge of the variety of formations, but id connecting the hiftory of the earth more nearly with that of man. 2. The prefent extent and continuity of Formations. The prefent extent and continuity of formations is very different from what it was originally. We find them either extended uninterruptedly over great tracks of country, or they appear ifola- ted, of little extent, and frequently refembling partial formations. In the one cafe, they are faid to be unbroken, in the other broken. The broken formations occur in fmall detached maffes; and thefe have peculiar denominations, according to their pofition and fhape. When detached portions occur on the fummits of hills, thefe are called caps. When portions oc cur, filling up hollow fpaces between mountains, they are denominated upfillings. And when a portion occurs only on one fide of a mountain, it is faid to be fneld-formed, or to have the fhape of a fhield- , 3. The Pofition and Dir eft ion of Strata in regard to the Fundamental Rock. When ftrata have the fame direction as the fun damental rock, they are faid to be conformable with it; if the diredtion is different, they are faid to be unconformable. If they differ only in direc tion, we fay that they are Simply unconformable ; but