Deluge, 349 ters of the globe. The firft rifing, or that during which the fecond porphyry and fienite formations were depofited, cannot be termed a Deluge, as it .took place when the mountains were ftill covered with water, and before the creation of animals and vegetables. The fecond rifing, however, that which depofited the neweft floetz-trap formation, may be termed a Deluge, as it took place when the furfaoe of the earth was covered with animals and vegetables, and confequently at a period when much dry land exifted. Note E.—(Page 116.) We fometimes meet with confiderable tracts of country, extending through many valleys, and confequently including ranges of mountains, com- pofed of vertical ftrata of mica-flate or gneifs, and which, to fome obfervers, appear to have no fup- port from older rocks. This obfervation was fta- ted as an objedtion to the Wernerian Geognofy, at one of the greatpublic Philofophical Afiemblies in this place. If, however, we condudt our exami nation according to true geognoftic principles, * we fhall experience no difficulty in difcovering that thefe rocks are fupported by thofe which we know to be older, and that, in the one cafe, the fundamental rock will prove to be gneifs or granite; in the other, it will be granite. In fome particular cafes, indeed, as when the ftrata rife towards floetz rocks, or occupy a whole diftridt where the older rocks are not to be feen, the point or line of fup- port