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394 Second Appendix. SECOND APPENDIX. Of Stones and Earths that owe their Origin t« Fire, The fires from which many minerals derive their form and aggregation are either volcanic or pfeudo-volcanic ; of each of which we Ihall fuc- ceffively treat. CHAP. I. §• I. Of Volcanos in general. i A velcano is a mountain that ejedfs fmoke, fiame, and heated ftony fubftances, partly in a loofe, partly in a folid, and partly in a liquified form. Thefe mountains generally Hand fingle and de- tached; yet we are told, that in Peru, and fre- quently in Kamfchatzka, they form part of an extenfive chain. With thefe, however, we are as yet but imperfedtly acquainted, and it is not clear, that moft of thofe that are fo called are no: rather pfeudo volcanos. Every